当代资本主义数字平台租金的政治经济学分析与批判——以马克思地租理论为中心视角

A political economy analysis and critique of contemporary capitalist platform rents-With Marx's theory of land rent as the central perspective

马克思的地租理论不仅在马克思主义政治经济学中占有重要地位,也是分析数字平台租金的重要理论工具。马克思将土地所有权法律—经济运动转化理解为资本主义必然产生的历史叙事。以土地所有权的形式化运动为起点,土地平台租金实现了资本对农业工人的统治与剥削,并书写了“平台租金一般”的理论构架。数字平台租金是平台租金的当代资本主义表现形式,并未脱离“平台租金一般”的基本规定,同时在当今又表现出了不同于土地平台租金的三种特性。然而,数字平台租金垄断化发展的背后却是二重性的剩余价值生产逻辑,最终指向的是资本主义剥削的实践性支配的回归。在这个意义上,立足于马克思主义对其进行政治经济学批判,不仅有助于在学理层面上深化马克思的地租理论,而且可以预防数字中国建设中可能发生的疑难症候。

Marx's theory of land rent not only occupies an important place in Marxist political economy,but is also an important theoretical tool for analyzing rents on digital platforms.Marx understood the transformation of the legal-economic movement of land ownership as the historical narrative that capitalism inevitably produces.Taking the formalization of land ownership as the starting point,land platform rent realizes the domination and exploitation of agricultural workers by capital and writes the theoretical framework of“platform rent in general”.Digital platform rent is the manifestation of platform rent in contemporary capitalism,which has not departed from the basic provisions of“platform rent in general”,and at the same time,it exhibits three characteristics that are different from those of land platform rent today.However,behind the development of the monopolization of digital platform rent is a dualistic logic of surplus value production,which ultimately points to the return of the practical domination of capitalist exploitation.In this sense,a political economy critique of it based on Marxism not only helps to deepen Marx's theory of land rent at the doctrinal level,but also prevents difficult symptoms that may occur in the construction of digital China.