上海里弄过街楼非正规营造与通道空间研究

Research on the informal building and passage space of Passage House in Shanghai Lilong

近代上海里弄的底层通道在长时间的演变过程中,诞生了“通道房屋”这种十分普遍的非正规营造方式,“通道居民”便以此为家为业。通道居民改变了里弄通道原初的交通功能,赋予了其多样化的空间利用方式和复杂的日常生活性。本文从微观视角出发,综合近代文献档案检索和实地遗存考察的研究方法,以上海中心城区6个历史文化风貌区为调研对象,统计绘制里弄过街楼的分布地图,指出里弄过街楼对于底层通道的利用方式具有区域差异性,这是由城市长期发展过程中形成的阶层分化和生活惯习导致的。该文以里弄过街楼底层通道空间为研究对象,主要围绕流动和固定的摊贩、居住的合理性与非法性、空间的公共与私密以及生活的矛盾和冲突四个方面展开。研究结果显示,里弄过街楼底层通道空间,是在混乱中生成的新秩序。近代上海人口数激增造成的房荒是里弄过街楼通道房屋产生的大背景,通道居民是上海里弄日常生活文化和市井文化最生动的写照和集中反映,这里也孕育着上海的市井文化与城市基因。随着城市更新的不断推进,里弄历经多轮旧改,数量急剧减少,上海正在逐步丧失这种带有历史印记的自组织空间与原生文化。

During the lengthy evolution process of the ground-floor passage in modern Shanghai's Lilong,the"passage house"became a common informal building type,with"passage residents"making it their home.Passage residents have changed the original function of the passage through the Lilong,designed for foot traffic,into a versatile space with various uses that support complex daily life.This study employs research methods,including modern literature archives retrieve and field investigations,to examine six historical and cultural areas in the central urban area of Shanghai and creates a distribution map of Lane Passage House.This investigation identifies regional differences in the use of the passageway spaces of the Lane Passage House,which is caused by the stratification and life habits of residents that relate to the long-term process of urban development.This paper mainly examines four aspects associated with the floor passage space of the Lane Passage House:mobile and fixed vendors,legality of residence,public and private spaces,and contradictions and conflicts.Research indicates that the ground-floor passage space of the Lane Passage House comprises a new type of order emerging from chaos.The housing shortage caused by the population explosion in modern Shanghai is a primary cause of the emergence of the Lane Passage House.Passage residents are a vibrant representation of the character of daily life and the market culture of the passageways in Shanghai Lilong,which relates to the market culture and urban culture of Shanghai.Continuous urban renewal that is reflected in several rounds of urbanization efforts has led to a sharp decrease in the number of Lilong.Shanghai is gradually losing its self-organizing space and the associated unique culture that holds historical significance.