一种新型信息处理器件:神经形态器件

A new type of information processor device:neuromorphic device

人工智能时代呈现指数增长的待处理数据量对计算机能效提出了更高的要求。因此,在后摩尔时代显然迫切需要开发新型的计算机技术来应对这种挑战。受人脑并行运算架构的启发,模拟突触器件基于“存算一体”架构被认为是突破传统冯·诺依曼瓶颈的有效技术。本文着重梳理了神经形态器件的忆阻机制,按照编程方式对近期突触器件的相关工作开展了分类解读,并结合器件特性介绍了它们在感知模拟等方面的潜在应用。最后,总结了当前神经形态器件所面临的关键技术挑战,并对其未来的发展前景进行了展望。

The exponentially increasing pending information volumes in the era of artificial intelligence require digital computer with higher energy efficiency.Thus,it is urgent to develop new computer technologies to address this challenge in the post Moore era.Inspired by the parallel brain′s computing architecture,synaptic analogues based on the integrated storage and computing architecture is considered as an effective technology to solve the traditional von Neumann bottleneck.Our article highlights the memristive mechanism of neuromorphic devices,and also categorizes and interprets recent research works on synaptic devices according to programming modes.Besides,based on device properties makes a introduction of their potential applications in perceptual simulation or other aspects.Finally,the key technical challenges faced by current neuromorphic devices are summarized,and their future development prospects are prospected.