“道”“法”之间:作为法的前提的形名问题——以《黄帝四经》为例

Between "Dao" and "Law": The Problem of Signs and Signals as the Premise of Law—— Taking the Yellow Emper's Four Classics as an Example

1973年,长沙马王堆汉墓出土了一部关于黄老之学的著作《黄帝四经》,是现存最早的黄老政论著作。《黄帝四经》中蕴含着丰富的黄老道学思想,其中尤其涉及对“无为”“形名”等思想的阐释。本文以《黄帝四经》思想为资源,阐述其“形名”思想的基本内涵,并对比《黄帝四经》和《管子》四篇中有关“形名”的问题,讨论形名思想作为法的前提的可能性。黄老之学以道家思想为主干,又援名法入道,着眼于建构现实价值和政治秩序,从而确立形名思想之于法的前提性地位,有利于推动先秦政治哲学,尤其是道家政治哲学方向上的研究进程。

The Yellow Emperor's Four Canons is a work on the study of Huang Lao unearthed from the Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha in 1973,and it is also the earliest existing work of Huang Lao's political theory.The Yellow Emperor's Four Canons contains a wealth of Huang Lao's Taoist thoughts,which especially involves the interpretation of ideas such as"Wu Wei"and"signs and signals".This paper takes the Yellow Empero's Four Canons as an ideological resource and points out the basic connotation of the idea of"signs and signals".Through the comparison and analysis of the idea of"signs and signals"in the Yellow Emperor's Four Canons and the Guanzi,this paper attempts to discuss the possibility of the thought of signs and signals as a premise of law,so as to clarify and explore its practical significance.This is conducive to promoting the research process in the direction of pre-Qin political philosophy,especially Taoist political philosophy.