肿瘤免疫编辑在黑素瘤肿瘤微环境中的研究进展

Research Progress of Tumor Immunoediting in the Tumor Microenvironment of Melanoma

黑素瘤是人类癌症中免疫原性最强的肿瘤之一,对免疫治疗具有高度敏感性,因此免疫治疗已成为黑素瘤最具潜力的研究与应用领域。然而,与大多数肿瘤一样,黑素瘤通过各种途径获得抑制机制,并与人类免疫系统中各成分发生复杂的相互作用,使肿瘤细胞逃脱免疫系统的监视,最终导致黑素瘤的发展与转移。近几十年来,对黑素瘤相关形成细胞、免疫细胞及相关分子物质的深入研究取得了巨大进展,以此开发并批准几种免疫治疗药物,这些药物对部分晚期及转移性黑素瘤患者有益,但黑素瘤的免疫生物学研究仍然不足。本文从免疫编辑的角度回顾黑素瘤发生发展过程中免疫系统及相关细胞的演变过程,综述并整合黑素瘤特异性免疫方面的现有知识,以期在黑素瘤患者的治疗中有更广泛的应用,并寻找更有效的疗法。

Melanoma is one of the most immunogenic forms of human cancer,rendering it particularly susceptible to immunotherapy,therefore,immunotherapy has become the most potential research and application field of melanoma.However,like most tumors,melanoma obtains inhibitory mechanisms through various pathways and has complex interactions with various components of the human immune system,allowing tumor cells to escape the surveillance of the immune system and ultimately leading to the development and metastasis of melanoma.In recent decades,great advances have been made in the in-depth study of melanoma-associated forming cells,immune cells,and related molecules,leading to the development and approval of several immunotherapy drugs that benefit some patients with advanced and metastatic melanoma.But the immunobiology of melanoma is still inadequate.Here,from the perspective of immunoediting,this paper reviews the evolution of the immune system and related cells during the occurrence and development of melanoma,reviews and integrates the existing knowledge of melanoma specific immunity,in order to have a wider application in the treatment of melanoma patients and find more effective therapies.