大数据侦查中个人信息保护的困境检视与完善进路

Dilemma Review and Improvement Approach of Personal Information Protection in Big Data Investigation

大数据技术加深了侦查活动对公民个人信息权利的干预程度,给公民的个人信息安全带来隐患。大数据技术的专业性导致侦查主体的潜在扩张、相关性侦查逻辑诱发信息收集范围扩大,大数据技术的无形性使侵权行为更为隐蔽。由于大数据侦查的程序规则以及刑事侦查领域个人信息受损救济机制的缺失,加上传统的知情同意规则在侦查阶段存在适用上的困难,个人信息保护在侦查程序中始终难以落实。因此,应采取权力控制与权利保障并行的规制路径,在以法定程序规制大数据侦查行为的同时,建立贯穿侦查程序的数据权利体系,实现犯罪控制与公民个人信息保护的良性互动。

The emergence of big data investigation deepens the interference degree of investigation activities on citizens’per-sonal information rights and brings hidden dangers to citizens’personal information security.The main manifestations are the po-tential expansion of investigation subjects led by the professionalism of big data technology,the expansion of information collection scope induced by correlation investigation logic,and the invisibility of infringement resulted by big data technology.Due to the lack of the procedural rules of big data investigation and the relief mechanism for personal information damage in the field of crimi-nal investigation,as well as the difficulties in the application of the traditional informed consent rule in the investigation stage,personal information protection is always difficult to implement in the investigation procedure.Therefore,the regulation path of power control and right protection should be adopted in parallel.While regulating big data investigation behavior with legal proce-dures,a data rights system should be established throughout investigation procedures to realize the positive interaction between crime control and citizens’personal information protection.