从经济角度看宋代女性社会地位变化

Changes in Women’s Social Status in the Song Dynasty from an Economic Perspective

宋政府的默许、农业手工业的发展、商品经济的繁荣以及人们对经商态度的转变,为宋代女性从事社会经济活动提供了坚实的物质基础和思想条件。宋代女性的社会经济活动以夫妻联合经营和个体独立经营为主,常通过农业劳作、纺织工作或小本经营的形式来参与市场经济,涵盖了衣、食、住、医等领域。宋代女性在满足家庭基本需要之余,将剩余产品投入市场以及直接参与经营的行为,不仅改善了家庭经济状况,还促进了宋代商品经济发展。宋代女性的经商活动,打破了世人对宋代女性“男耕女织”“相夫教子”的刻板印象,提高了自身的家庭地位和社会地位,唤醒了女性的独立意识,在社会经济中起到十分重要的作用。

The government’s acquiescence,the development of agricultural handicrafts,the prosperity of the commodity econo-my,and the change in people’s attitudes towards business provided a solid material foundation and ideological conditions for women in the Song Dynasty to engage in social and economic activities.The social and economic activities of women in the Song Dynasty were mainly joint operations between husband and wife and individual independent operations.They often participated in the market economy through agricultural work,textile work or small business operations,covering areas such as clothing,food,housing,and medicine.In addition to meeting the basic needs of the family,women in the Song Dynasty put surplus products into the market and directly participated in business operations,which not only improved the family economic situation,but also promoted the develop-ment of the commodity economy in the Song Dynasty.Women’s business activities in the Song Dynasty broke the stereotype of women in the Song Dynasty as“men farmed and women weaved”and“women took care of their husbands and raised children”.It improved their own family status and social status,awakened women’s awareness of independence,and played an important role in the social economy.