南京沦陷后日军的军事葬仪

The Japanese Army's Military Funeral Rituals after the Fall of Nanjing

1937年12月13日南京沦陷后,日军在南京举行所谓入城式和祭祀战殁者慰灵祭,以“显彰忠灵”;对于战殁者的遗骨,则出台详细的遗骨送还规定,或存放于战地的奉安所、神社等,或供于靖国神社,或葬于家乡的护国神社。日军的军事葬仪对战场上的官兵、日本国民都起到了宣传鼓吹和战争动员的作用。同时,日本军政当局在南京地区修建各类纪念碑、“表忠碑”、神社等设施,大力宣扬攻占南京过程中的战争遗迹及日军的“英勇事迹”,鼓吹军国主义,宣扬日本的“国威”。日本内外一体的军事葬仪体制促使日本军国主义思想进一步膨胀,从而加速了日本走向失败的进程。

After the fall of Nanjing on December 13,1937,the Japanese army held a so-called entrance ceremony and a memorial ceremony for the dead soldiers to“honor spirits of the loyal soldiers.”For the remains of the dead soldiers,detailed regulations were issued for the return of the remains,which were either placed in the Ancestral Temple or shrines on the battlefield,or to be enshrined at Yasukuni Shrine,or buried in the shrines in their hometowns.The Japanese army s military funeral rituals played a role in the propaganda and war mobilization for both the troops on the battlefield and Japanese people at home.Meanwhile,the Japanese military and political authorities built various memorial monuments,loyalty monuments,and Shinto shrines in Nanjing,to publicize the war relics and the“brave deeds”of the Japanese army during the occupation of Nanjing,promote militarism and advocate the Japanese“national strength and prestige.”The integrated system of the Japanese army s military funeral rituals within and outside Japan further intensified the Japanese militarism,which in turn accelerated the process of its defeat.