三种绿肥对烤烟产质量及土壤养分和酶活性的影响

Effects of three kinds of green manure on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco,soil nutrients and enzyme activities

绿肥是一种优质的有机肥源,但不同种属的绿肥植物生态适应性迥异,且其对后茬作物的增产和土壤培肥效果受气候、土壤等环境条件影响,亟需因地制宜地筛选适宜绿肥种类。该试验在贵州省植烟黄壤上设置种植翻压光叶紫花苕(CV)、黑麦草(CL)、油菜(CB)和常规施肥(CK)处理,研究3种绿肥对烤烟产质量及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,CV、CL和CB处理分别减施复合基肥150、75和75 kg/hm^(2),并替代了1800 kg/hm^(2)商品有机肥,3种绿肥翻压后增加了烤烟产量、产值和产出投入比,表现为CV>CB>CL,烤烟产量分别增加了28.79%(CV)、16.10%(CB)和0.95%(CL)。绿肥翻压处理的烤烟总氮、磷、钾、氯和烟碱含量及上等烟比例高于常规施肥,其增幅分别为10.0%~17.78%(总氮)、8.33%~25.0%(总磷)、16.56%~24.84%(总钾)和34.20%~61.47%(烟碱),其中以CV处理的烟叶品质提升效果最好。此外,绿肥种植翻压增加了土壤有机质、有效态氮磷钾的含量,提升了蔗糖酶、脲酶和蛋白酶的活性。相较油菜和黑麦草,光叶紫花苕在贵州遵义烟区的生长最好,且翻压后对后茬烤烟产量、品质和经济效益的提升及对土壤速效养分及酶活性改善效果更优。因此,光叶紫花苕是一种较适宜黔北烟区种植的绿肥品种。

Green manure is a high-quality organic fertilizer source,while the ecological adaptability of different species of green manure plants is distinct,and their positive effects on the yield of subsequent crops and soil fertility are highly influenced by environmental climate and soil conditions.Therefore,it is essential to screen suitable green manure plants according to local conditions.In this study,the yield and quality performance of flue-cured tobacco and soil fertility were analyzed in four fertilization treatments,including commercial organic fertilizer(CK),returning Vicia villosa Roth var(CV),returning Lolium perenne L.(CL)and returning Brassica napus L.(CB).The results showed that compared with CK,the CV,CL,and CB treatments reduced the application of composite base fertilizers by 150,75 and 75 kg/hm^(2),respectively,and replaced 1800 kg/hm^(2) of commercial organic fertilizer.The three types of green fertilizers increased the yield,output value,and output-input ratio of flue-cured tobacco after rolling,ranking as CV>CB>CL.The yield of flue-cured tobacco increased by 28.79%(CV),16.10%(CB),and 0.95%(CL),respectively.The contents of total N,P,K,Cl and nicotine and the proportion of high-quality tobacco in flue-cured tobacco treated with green manure were higher than those of conventional fertilization,and the increases were 10.0%-17.78%(total N),8.33%-25.0%(total P),16.56%-24.84%(total K)and 34.20%-61.47%(nicotine),respectively.Among them,the CV treatment had the best effect on improving the quality of tobacco leaves.In addition,planting green manure increased the content of soil organic matter,available nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium,and increased the activities of sucrase,urease,and protease.Compared to Brassica napus L.and Lolium perenne L.,Vicia villosa Roth var was the best in the Zunyi tobacco growing area of Guizhou,and its effects on the improvement of yield,quality,and economic benefits of subsequent flue-cured tobacco,as well as the improvement of soil available nutrients and enzyme activity were better after rolling.Therefore,Vicia villosa Roth var is a more suitable green fertilizer variety for planting in the northern Guizhou tobacco region.