国内四地赤苍藤种质表型多样性分析及评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Germplasm Phenotypic Diversity of Erythropalum scandens in Four Regions of China

为筛选出枝叶生长旺盛、性状优良的赤苍藤种质类型,对云南、海南、广西及贵州10类赤苍藤种质的8个叶性状及4个枝条性状进行标记,探究各类赤苍藤种质的表型特性及其遗传多样性,并进行系统聚类分析。结果表明:(1)各赤苍藤种质间叶、枝条性状差异表现为枝条性状>叶性状,叶及枝条变异范围分别为3.44%~24.15%和58.33%~108.93%。但一部分叶及枝条性状种质间差异不显著,同一类种质内性状变异程度高于不同种质类型间。(2)性状间相关性分析表明,枝条性状与叶性状间关系较密切,多数指标达显著或极显著水平,但叶柄长、叶厚度与其他指标之间的相关性不显著。赤苍藤叶与枝条的生长发育关联性较强,而枝条的加长、增粗生长近乎同步进行。(3)10类赤苍藤种质经系统聚类可分为3类。其中,云南、贵州种质因地理位置接近,聚类时多分在同一小类。(4)模糊隶属函数分析结果表明,各类种质综合得分由大到小依次为云南5>云南1>云南2>海南乐东>云南3>贵州荔波>云南4>贵州安龙>假赤苍藤>红芽赤苍藤。云南5表现最佳,叶大且枝条生长旺盛,适宜引种至南宁市进行栽培推广,云南1、云南2次之。假赤苍藤、红芽赤苍藤植株稀缺、叶片较少、枝条生长缓慢,仍待进一步收集并研究。

In order to screen out the germplasm types of Erythropalum scandens with strong growth in branches and leaves and excellent characters,this study marked 8 leaf traits and 4 branch traits of 10 germplasm types of E.scandens from Yunnan,Hainan,Guangxi and Guizhou,and explored the phenotypic characteristics and genetic diversity of each germplasm.Finally,systematic cluster analysis was carried out.The results showed as follows.(1)The differences of leaf and branch traits among the germplasm of E.scandens were branch traits>leaf traits,and the variation ranges of leaf and branch were 3.44%-24.15%and 58.33%-108.93%,respectively.However,there was no significant difference between some leaf and branch traits,and the variation degree of traits within the same germplasm was higher than that between different germplasm types.(2)Correlation analysis among traits showed that the correlation between branch traits and leaf traits was close,and most of the indicators were significant or extremely significant,but the correlation between petiole length and leaf thickness and other indicators was not significant.There was a strong correlation between the growth and development of leaves and branches,and the lengthening and thickening of branches were almost synchronized.(3)The 10 germplasm of E.scandens could be divided into 3 groups by systematic clustering.Among them,the germplasm of Yunnan and Guizhou were grouped into the same subgroup due to their close geographical location.(4)The results of fuzzy membership function analysis showed that the comprehensive scores of all kinds of germplasm were:Yunnan 5>Yunnan1>Yunnan2>Ledong Hainan>Yunnan3>Libo Guizhou>Yunnan4>Anlong Guizhou>pseudo E.scandens>E.scandens with red buds.Among them,Yunnan 5 showed the best performance,with large leaves and vigorous branch growth,which was suitable for introduction to Nanning City for cultivation and promotion,followed by Yunnan 1 and Yunnan 2.Pseudo E.scandens and E.scandens with red buds are rare plants with few leaves and slow growth of branches,which still need to be further collected and studied.