有机肥替代部分化肥对土壤养分和马铃薯块茎品质的影响

Effects of Manure Replacing Part of Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Nutrients and Potato Tuber Quality

研究旨在评估有机肥替代化肥对土壤和马铃薯的影响,并确定最佳的有机替代比例。试验于2022年在宁夏固原市西吉县进行,以‘青薯9号’马铃薯品种为供试材料,设置5个处理组,对照组(CK)仅施用化肥,T1组20%的化肥被有机肥替代,T2组40%的化肥被有机肥替代,T3组60%的化肥被有机肥替代,T_(4)组完全施用有机肥。研究分析不同处理对马铃薯生长期间土壤养分含量、土壤酶活性及块茎品质的影响,并探讨三者之间的关系。结果显示:(1)与CK、T_(4)相比,有机肥替代部分化肥能显著提高碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量,其中速效钾的增长最为明显,增幅为13.86%~37.74%、2.55%~42.10%。(2)土层深度0~20cm的土壤酶活性略高于20~40cm,有机肥替代部分化肥提高了土壤酶活性,特别是碱性磷酸酶活性,在0~20、20~40 cm土层较CK分别提高了3.74%~56.11%、2.02%~55.90%;较T_(4)分别提高了7.57%~64.94%、8.56%~50.57%。(3)与CK和T_(4)处理相比,有机肥替代部分化肥处理提高了马铃薯块茎品质含量。(4)相关性分析表明,土壤酶活性与土壤养分含量呈正相关,土壤养分含量的增加会促进酶活性的提升。逐步线性回归分析发现,碱解氮、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶以及20~40cm土层的过氧化氢酶活性与马铃薯品质有显著关联。研究表明,有机肥替代40%的化肥对提升土壤养分含量、增强土壤酶活性、改善马铃薯品质的效果最为显著。

To clarify the effect of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers on soil and potato,explore the impact on soil nutrient content,soil enzyme activity and quality of potato,and propose a suitable organic substitution ratio,so as to provide scientific basis for the promotion of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers.In Xiji County,Guyuan City of Ningxia in 2022,five treatments,CK(single fertilizer),T1(organic alternative fertilizer 20%),T2(organic alternative chemical fertilizer 40%),T3(organic alternative chemical fertilizer 60%)and T_(4)(single application of organic fertilizer),were set up to analyze the relationship between soil nutrient content,soil enzyme activity and quality of potato using the‘Qingshu 9’potato variety as the test material.The results showed that(1)compared with CK and T_(4),the contents of alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium of other treatments were increased to varying degrees,and the effect of increasing the content of available potassium was the most significant,increasing by 13.86%-37.74%and 2.55%-42.10%,respectively.(2)The soil enzyme activity of soil depth of 0-20 cm was slightly higher than that of 20-40 cm,and compared with CK and T_(4),the soil enzyme activity of organic fertilizer of other treatments was improved,and the index of alkaline phosphatase activity was the highest,compared with CK,0-20 and 20-40 cm increased by 3.74%-56.11%,2.02%-55.90%,respectively;compared with T_(4)treatment,it increased by 7.57%-64.94%and 8.56%-50.57%.(3)Compared with CK and T_(4)treatment,organic fertilizer replacing partial chemical fertilizer treatments improved the quality content of potato tubers.(4)Correlation analysis showed that soil enzyme activity was positively correlated with soil nutrient content,and the increase of soil nutrient content promoted the improvement of enzyme activity.The stepwise linear regression equations of soil nutrient content,enzyme activity and potato quality showed that alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen,urease,alkaline phosphatase and 20-40 cm catalase activities could be explained by the correlation with potato quality.The replacement of partial chemical fertilizers by organic fertilizer could increase soil nutrient content,enhance soil enzyme activity and improve potato quality,among which the replacement of 40%chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer had the most significant effect.