杭州市主要茶园酸化趋势与控制因素分析

Analysis of Acidification Trend and Control Factors in Main Tea Gardens of Hangzhou

土壤酸化已成为制约茶产业发展的一个重要因素。以促进杭州地区茶园的可持续发展为目标,作者在杭州主导的茶园中设立了30个持久固定的监测点,通过连续8年的观察和监测,分析了土壤酸化的现状、酸化速率以及它们与酸雨、土壤特性的关系。研究结果表明,有90.0%的茶园面临着土壤酸化的严重问题,其中pH<4.0的严重酸化茶园占到了50.0%;相比于2015年的基准监测数据,有29个茶园的土壤pH出现了不同程度的降低,只有1个茶园的土壤pH有所上升。平均酸化速率每年下降0.022个单位。茶园土壤酸化程度与酸雨的强度和成土条件有关,其pH的下降速率与有机质、阳离子交换量及交换性盐基总量呈极显著负相关。

Soil acidification has become an important factor restricting the development of tea industry.To promote the sustainable development of tea gardens in Hangzhou,30 permanent and fixed monitoring sites were set up in tea gardens in Hangzhou.The present situation of soil acidification,acidification rate and their relationship with acid rain and soil characteristics were analyzed by observing and monitoring soil acidification for 8 consecutive years.The results showed that 90.0%of the tea gardens were facing serious problems of soil acidification,and 50.0%of them were seriously acidified with pH<4.0.Compared with the baseline monitoring data in 2015,the soil pH of 29 tea gardens decreased to varying degrees,and that of only 1 tea garden increased.The average rate of soil acidification in representative tea gardens had decreased by 0.022 units per year.The degree of soil acidification in tea garden is not only related to the intensity of acid rain and soil formation conditions,but also to the rate of pH decline,which is significantly negatively related to organic matter,ionizing exchange capacity and total exchangeable base.