数据犯罪的双重法益及其保护路径

The Dual Legal Interests of Data Crimes and Their Protection Paths

大数据时代数据的重要性日益凸显,但当下我国刑法对数据法益的保护依然存在一些问题,包括数据秩序法益的内涵过于抽象,难以承担保护数据法益、保障数据技术平稳健康发展的使命;单一的数据安全法益说,会导致利用公开数据不当入罪。数据犯罪所侵犯的法益是双重法益,其外壳是数据安全,内核是数据自决权。以数据犯罪的双重法益为基础,我国在立法上应当通过修改旧罪、增设新罪的方式对数据进行刑法保护,在确立数据法益独立保护的基础上,修改《刑法》第285条第2款,同时增设专门针对数据的破坏、滥用数据罪;在司法上应当以双重数据法益合理界定侵害数据行为的入罪门槛和处罚范围,实现对个人数据及社会公共数据、国家数据的体系化保护。

connotation of data order legal interests,which makes it difficult to undertake the mission of protecting data legal interests and ensuring the stable and healthy development of data technology.A single data security legal doctrine can lead to improper use of public data being criminalized.The legal interests violated by data crimes are dual legal interests,with data security as the outer shell and data self-determination as the core.Based on the dual legal interests of data crimes,China should protect data under criminal law by amending old crimes and adding new crimes in legislation.On the basis of establishing independent protection of data legal interests,Article 285(2)of the Criminal Law should be amended,and special crimes targeting data destruction and abuse should be added.In the judiciary,the dual data legal interests should be used to reasonably define the threshold and scope of punishment for data infringement,and to achieve systematic protection of personal data,social public data,and national data.