中美健康传播学的起源、跨文化流动与体系建构

The Origins,Cross-Cultural Flow,and System Construction of Health Communication Between China and America

学科史“常识”一般将健康传播认定为传播学的一个分支,于21世纪初由美国引入我国。这种对于健康传播学起源的误解不仅低估了中美两国公共卫生领域的学术贡献,也直接影响了我国健康传播研究的学术视野、方法取径和评价体系。通过知识考古,重访以罗杰斯及其“创新扩散”理论为主要动力的美国健康传播学的创立过程,重估20世纪80年代我国公共卫生领域研究者们的本土健康传播学构想,可以发现,健康传播学学科建设与研究应植根于我国政治经济制度和社会历史发展现实,重视中华人民共和国成立以来公共卫生领域的健康教育实践,并在促进健康传播与公共卫生的对话与合作中重建健康传播的问题意识与知识体系。

According to the discipline“common sense”,health communication is widely regarded as a unique field within the discipline of communication,which was introduced to China from the United States at the beginning of the 21st century.Misunderstandings regarding the origins of health communication not only underestimate the academic contributions of public health both in China and in the United States,but also greatly impact the academic horizon,methodological approaches,and evaluation systems of health communication studies in China.By revisiting the birth of health communication in America,which was primarily advocated by Everett M.Rogers through the popularization of his“Diffusion of Innovations”theory,and reassessing the health education practices of Chinese public health researchers in the 1980s and their contributions to the construction of Chinese health communication,this paper argues that the development and research of Chinese health communication should be rooted in the context of China’s political,economic,and socio-historical development,cherishing the health education practices in public health since the founding of P.R.China.Only by reinitiating the dialogue and cooperation between health communication and public health,can Chinese researchers reconstruct the research consciousness and knowledge system of health communication.