脑前额叶区经颅直流电刺激对纵跳能力影响的时效性研究

Timeliness study of effects of transcranial direct current stimulation in bilateralprefrontal region on counter movement jump

目的 探讨经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation, t DCS)对纵跳(counter movement jump, CMJ)能力的影响。方法 21名普通大学生(普通大学生组)和17名大学生运动员(运动员组)随机接受脑前额叶区2 m A、20 min的真刺激(anodic t DCS,a-t DCS)或假刺激(sham t DCS,s-t DCS),采集刺激后即刻及10、20、30、40 min时间点的CMJ运动表现数据。对受试者不同时间点的跳跃高度、加速度、峰值功率、峰值垂直地面反作用力(vertical ground reaction force, v GRF)进行双因素重复测量方差分析(刺激类型×测试时间点)。结果 运动员组,受试者跳跃高度和峰值v GRF的刺激类型×测试时间点交互作用显著,简单效应分析发现a-t DCS后5个时间点的测试数据均显著优于基准值及s-t DCS后(P<0.05);加速度和峰值功率的刺激类型主效应显著。普通大学生组,受试者加速度、峰值功率、峰值v GRF的刺激类型×测试时间点交互作用显著,简单效应分析发现a-t DCS后5个时间点的测试数据均显著优于基准值及s-t DCS后(P<0.05);跳跃高度的刺激类型主效应显著。结论 脑前额叶区a-t DCS能显著改善CMJ完成过程中的多项指标且具有一定的持续性,可以考虑将其作为增强纵跳能力的一种手段。

Objective To explore the influence of transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)on the counter movement jump(CMJ)ability.Methods Twenty-one college students(ordinary college students group)and 17 college athletes(college athletes group)randomly received anodic tDCS(a-tDCS)and sham tDCS(s-tDCS)in prefrontal region under 2 mA for 20 min.After these two kinds of stimulation were completed,the CMJ data of these subjects were collected at 0,10,20,30,and 40 min.The two-way repeated-measures ANOVA(stimulation type×test time point)was adopted to analyze the changes in the jump height,acceleration,peak power,and peak vertical ground reaction force(vGRF).Results There were significantly interactive effects between jump height and peak vGRF(stimulation type×test time point)in the college athletes group.The simple effects analysis revealed that the data at five different time points after a-tDCS in the college athletes group were significantly better than the baseline value and those after s-tDCS(P<0.05).There were significantly main effects on acceleration and peak power under the stimulation type among college athletes.There were significantly interactive effects on acceleration,peak power,peak vGRF(stimulation type×test time point)in the ordinary college students group.The simple effects analysis revealed that the data at five different time points after a-tDCS in the ordinary college students group were significantly better than the baseline value and those after s-tDCS(P<0.05).There was significantly main effect on jump height under the stimulation type among ordinary college students.Conclusion In the prefrontal area, a-tDCS can promote the improvement of multiple indicators in the CMJ process, andsome indicators have a certain degree of sustainability. It is expected to consider a-tDCS as one of the methods to enhancethe CMJ ability.