福建九龙江河口平原传统民居的朝向问题研究

A study on the orientation problems of traditional dwellings in the Jiulong River Estuarine Plain of Fujian province

以闽南地区传统民居为例,对比淮北平原以及太湖流域的聚落发现,传统上中国民居以“坐北朝南”为主要朝向的概念,实际上会依据民居所处的、不同的地理特征而转变。不同于淮北平原以“坐北朝南”为主要朝向,位于九龙江河口平原的研究区域,仅35.9%的传统民居朝向为“坐北朝南”。经进一步分析发现,闽南民居与山脉的距离和民居是否采用“坐北朝南”的朝向有密切的关联性。通常情况下,民居与山脉的距离越近,则更倾向于以山脉的方位为坐向;距离越远,则更倾向于“坐北朝南”的方位。研究结果表明,地理环境是影响闽南传统民居朝向选择的关键因素,民居的朝向选择与地理环境的关联,蕴含了聚落与环境的脉络。此脉络的厘清,将对传统聚落保护、传承与有机更新提供更科学的理论支撑。

Taking the traditional dwellings in southern Fujian as an example,this study compares the settlements in the Huaibei Plain and the Taihu Lake Basin,and finds that the traditional concept of“sitting in the north and facing the south”as the main orientation of Chinese dwellings actually changes depending on the geographic characteristics of the area where the dwellings are located.Unlike the Huaibei Plain,where“sitting north and facing south”is the dominant orientation,only 35.9%of the traditional dwellings in the Jiulong River estuarine plain are oriented to“sitting north and facing south”.Further analysis reveals that there is a close correlation between the distance of the dwellings from the mountains and whether the dwellings are oriented in a“north-south”direction.In general,the closer the distance between the dwellings and the mountains,the more they tend to be oriented in the direction of the mountains;the further the distance,the more they tend to be oriented in the direction of“north-south”.The results of this study show that the geographical environment is the key factor influencing the orientation choice of traditional houses in southern Fujian,and the association between the orientation choice of houses and the geographical environment implies the vein of settlement and environment,which will provide more scientific theoretical support for the protection,inheritance and organic renewal of traditional settlements.