中国优秀旅游城市旅游经济空间格局演变特征及影响因素

Spatial patten evolution characteristics and influencing factors of tourism economy in Chinese excellent tourism cities

基于2008—2019年中国优秀旅游城市的旅游经济相关指标的面板数据,采用空间自相关、探索性回归及地理加权回归(GWR)等方法,探究中国优秀旅游城市旅游经济的空间格局及影响因素。结果表明:①中国优秀旅游城市的旅游经济存在较强的空间相关性,高−高(H-H)和低−低(L-L)集聚的城市数量较多,呈现“大分散,小聚集”的两级分化格局;H-H集聚区主要集中于东部沿海地区,而L-L集聚区主要集中在西部地区;2008—2019年,研究区总体集聚格局相对稳定,但局部地区集聚格局有所变化。②国内旅游收入影响因子最优组合为旅游资源禀赋、产业结构、交通运输条件、生态环境状况;旅游外汇收入影响因子最优组合为旅游资源禀赋、对外开放程度、市场化程度、生态环境状况。③各因子影响程度均呈现明显的空间异质性,各因子对中国优秀旅游城市旅游经济的影响随样本单元的变化而变化,研究结果可为各城市制定相应的旅游经济发展对策提供科学依据。

With the increase in demand for national tourism,China has fully entered the era of mass tourism.However,due to differences in conditions for the development of tourism in China,the development of the tourism economy is spatially unbalanced,which hinders the coordinated development of the regional tourism economy.The total tourism economy of Chinese excellent tourist cities accounts for a high proportion of the country’s total tourism economy,and a study with them as the target can more accurately reflect the situation of Chinese tourism economy,which is more meaningful for the enhancement of the tourism economy.Based on the panel data of tourism economy-related indicators of Chinese excellent tourism cities from 2008—2019,spatial autocorrelation,exploratory regression and Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR)were used to explore the spatial patterns and influencing factors of the tourism economy of Chinese excellent tourism cities.Adopting the GWR model considering“spatial non-stationarity”to explore the influencing factors of tourism economy can more scientifically measure the intrinsic influencing mechanism of regional tourism economic development differences.The results show that:1)The tourism economy of Chinese excellent tourism cities has strong spatial correlation,and the number of cities with high-high(H-H)and low-low(L-L)agglomerations is high,showing a twotiered pattern of“large dispersion and small agglomeration”.During 2008—2019,the overall agglomeration pattern of tourism economy in Chinese excellent tourism cities is relatively stable,but the agglomeration pattern in local areas has changed.2)Based on exploratory regression analysis,the optimal combination of factors influencing domestic tourism income is:tourism resource endowment,industrial structure,transportation conditions,and ecological environment condition;the optimal combination of factors influencing tourism foreign exchange income is:tourism resource endowment,degree of opening to the outside world,degree of marketization,and ecological environment condition.3)The results of GWR model analysis show that the degree of influence of each factor shows obvious spatial heterogeneity,indicating that the influence of each factor on the tourism economy of Chinese excellent tourism cities is not static,but changes with the change of sample units,and the research results can provide a scientific basis for each city to formulate corresponding measures for tourism economic development.