基于保供责任协同的天然气基础设施开放体系设计与建议

Design and suggestions on open natural gas infrastructure system based on synergetic supply guarantee responsibilities

[目的]国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司的成立,标志着中国天然气市场化改革进入崭新阶段。中国的天然气需求逐渐增加,但基础设施公平开放仍处于起步阶段,天然气保供问题较为突出。[方法]将天然气基础设施公平开放与保供问题放在一个框架体系中,通过分析中国天然气市场基础设施公平开放的现状和存在问题、公平开放对保供的双重影响、典型国家天然气市场化改革的经验,设计基于保供责任协同的天然气基础设施开放体系,并提出基础设施公平开放与保供协同发展的路径构想及政策建议。[结果]公平开放与保供责任协同的天然气基础设施开放体系包含保供、公平开放、公平开放与保供的关系、管输企业的作用共4个方面关键内容;保供需求划分为发展需求与应急需求,对于不同类型保供需求,应采用不同的保供方式;基础设施公平开放应具备的基础条件包括基础设施建设、运销分离、信息公开、透明程序、科学定价、严格监管;基础设施公平开放对天然气保供具有促进作用;管输企业是公平开放的责任主体,也是天然气保供的重要参与者。建议未来要更加明确保供范围和保供方式、市场主体保供义务和责任,进一步完善公平开放相关机制,持续推动“全国一张网”的建设。[结论]高质量基础设施公平开放有助于提升中国油气供应安全保障能力。(图1,表1,参21)

[Objective]The establishment of China Oil and Gas Pipeline Network Corporation signifies a significant milestone,indicating that the market-oriented reform of the natural gas industry in China has transitioned into a new phase.Despite the rising demand for natural gas in China,the industry is still in its nascent phase concerning infrastructure fairness and openness,and the supply guarantee of natural gas remains a significant challenge.[Methods]In the present research,the fairness and openness of natural gas infrastructure and supply guarantee were explored within a framework system.A thorough analysis was conducted to uncover the current status and existing issues concerning the infrastructure fairness and openness in China’s natural gas market,to reveal the dual impacts of fairness and openness on supply guarantee,and to highlight the experience of natural gas market reforms in typical foreign countries.Based on the analysis results,this study introduced an open natural gas infrastructure system design with synergetic supply guarantee responsibilities.Additionally,conceptual pathways and policy suggestions were proposed for the development of infrastructure fairness and openness in conjunction with supply guarantee.[Results]The open natural gas infrastructure system featuring fairness and openness with synergetic supply guarantee responsibilities includes four key elements:supply guarantee,fairness and openness,the relationship between the first two elements,and the roles of pipeline operators.The demand for supply guarantee is classified into development demand and emergency demand,corresponding with different methods of supply guarantee.Crucial prerequisites for infrastructure fairness and openness involve infrastructure development,the segregation of transmission and sales operations,information disclosure,transparent procedures,rational pricing,and stringent regulation.Among the four elements,infrastructure fairness and openness play a role in promoting the supply guarantee of natural gas,and pipeline operators act as the subjects of fairness and opening responsibilities and the important contributors to the natural gas supply guarantee.It is recommended to delineate the scope and methods of supply guarantee,as well as the obligations and roles of market entities,to refine mechanisms related to fairness and openness,and to advance the construction of“One Pipeline Network”.[Conclusion]The high-quality fairness and openness of infrastructure is beneficial for enhancing China’s capacity to secure oil and gas supply.(1 Figure,1 Table,21 References)