普适型地质灾害监测预警系统应用及存在问题——以西藏拉萨、林芝为例

Application and existing problems of monitoring and early warning system for uni-versal geological hazards:a case study of Lhasa and Nyingchi,Xizang(Tibet)

地质灾害隐患监测预警已成为主动防控地质灾害的重要手段。2021年西藏自治区监测预警体系共建设灾害点位660处,安装设备3582台。预警体系的建设在一定程度上提高了西藏自治区地质灾害综合应急防治能力,但每年大量的预警误报问题却给监测预警工作带来极大困扰,严重影响其防灾减灾效果。文章以拉萨市、林芝市为例针对西藏自治区地质灾害监测预警点建设工作,结合近年来的科学研究和工作经验,提出了目前西藏自治区监测预警中存在专业监测经验不足,技术力量薄弱,各类预警系统林立,监测设备误报率偏高,成功案例少,数据质量不可靠,部分设备本区不宜使用等突出问题。为使已建成的监测预警点发挥应有的监测预警效用,目前亟待起草适合西藏自治区的监测预警详细技术指南,并整合各类预警系统,从而提高预警成功率。

The monitoring and early warning of geological hazards has become an important means to actively pre-vent and control geological hazards.By 2021,the monitoring and early warning system in Xizang Autonomous Re-gion had built a total of 660 disaster sites and installed 3,582 pieces of equipment.The construction of the early warn-ing system has improved the comprehensive emergency prevention and control capacity of geologic hazards in Xi-zang to a certain extent,but a large number of false alarms every year have brought great trouble to the monitoring and early warning work,and seriously affected the effectiveness of hazard prevention and mitigation.Taking Lhasa and Nyingchi as examples,this paper puts forward the outstanding problems in the monitoring and early warning of geological hazardsin Xizang,such as insufficient professional experience,weak technical force,numerous early warn-ing systems,high false alarm rate of monitoring equipment,few successful cases,unreliable data quality,and unsuit-able use of some equipmentin the studied region.In order to make the existing monitoring and early warning points play their due role,it is urgent to draft detailed technical guidelines for Xiang Autonomous Region,and integrate var-ious early warning systems,so as to improve the success rate of early warning.