试析陶寺遗址2022JXTⅠJ1出土动物形刻划纹饰

An Analysis of the Carved Animal Images from 2022JXTⅠJ1 of Taosi Site

文章对陶寺遗址新发现的一座水井中出土陶片上动物形象刻划纹饰进行了初步的复原与分析,认为这种扁圆三角形头、臣形目、三趾、歧尾的动物形象被赋予了神性,是非现实中存在的动物,整体上属于先秦时期龙蛇一类纹饰,可能与《山海经》中“肥遗”有关。此外,该动物形象与新砦及二里头文化的兽面纹有明显的相近之处,或许存在一定的互动传继关系,也很可能是夏商周龙纹的重要来源之一。

This paper provides a preliminary restoration and analysis of the animal images carved on pottery sherds from the context of wells that have been recently discovered at the Taosi site.It is believed that this special animal image with flat and round triangular head,a pair of eyes resembling the characters of‘臣’in oracle bone inscriptions,three toes,and divergent tail might have been related to divinity power.While this kind of animals might not exist in reality,it is proposed that the iconography is related to the image of dragon and snake during the pre-Qin period,probably corresponding to the so-called‘feiyi’mythical beast.In addition,this kind of animal image presents a strong similarity with the beast facial motifs found from the Xinzhai and Erlitou sites,indicating a certain extent of cultural interaction and transmission.The authors suggest that the dragon iconography may have been the origin of the dragon motif during the entire Xia-Shang-Zhou period.