春秋时期东夷与淮夷贵族墓葬用鼎比较研究

Comparative Study of the Ding Vessel Ritual System between Dongyi and Huaiyi Elite Tombs

淮夷与东夷族同属周代夷人的支系,两者关系密切。东夷与淮夷邦国贵族墓葬在基本用鼎组合上具有一致性,都使用形制、大小相同的偶数组合列鼎。但是,东夷族还使用形制、大小相同的奇数组合列鼎,且有多套列鼎共用现象,每套鼎还有数量的差异。淮夷邦国普遍仅使用1套2鼎列鼎,不同等级贵族列鼎数量、套数无明显差异。另外,兽首牺鼎的使用成为淮夷群舒贵族墓葬用鼎的独特现象。这些礼俗异同折射出春秋时期东夷与淮夷邦国在文化上的一致性与差异性。

The Huaiyi and the Dongyi were the descendants derived from the Yi ethnic group in the Zhou Dynasty,and they had a close relationship.The comparison of the similarities and differences of ding tripods found in elite burials associated with Dongyi and Huaiyi during the Spring and Autumn Period illustrates a consistency in the basic assemblage used in funeral ritual.Specifically,these two groups both used the assemblage including even number of tripods with the same shape and size.However,some exceptions exist.The Dongyi elites occasionally included an assemblage with odd number of tripods with the same shape and size.Also,multiple sets of ding tripods,with variations in the number within each set,also existed among Dongyi elites.In contrast,Huaiyi elites generally used one set of two ding tripods,and there is no obvious difference in the number of tripods and sets of tripods among nobles of different ranks.In addition,the use of sacrificial ding tripods with animal heads became a unique phenomenon in the burials of Huaiyi-Qunshu elites.These ritual differences and similarities reflect the cultural consistency and differences between Dongyi and Huaiyi groups in the Spring-and-Autumn period.