服务业开放、人力资本与制造业价值链升级

Opening up the Service Industry,Human Capital,and Upgrading the Manufacturing Value Chain

服务业开放促进了知识、技术和人力资本的流动,对制造业价值链升级和经济高质量发展具有重要意义。基于2005—2019年24个省(自治区、直辖市)的面板数据实证检验后得出以下结论:第一,整体服务业开放对制造业价值链的升级具有正向作用;生产、生活类服务业以及科学文化类服务业开放对制造业价值链升级具有显著促进作用,而流通领域类服务业开放对制造业价值链升级具有显著抑制作用。第二,服务业开放促进制造业价值链升级具有显著的人力资本门槛效应,且东西部地区人力资本门槛效应显著,而中部没有。因此,逐步降低服务业市场准入门槛,多举措、多途径优化人才引进政策,有助于完善制造业产业结构,促进制造业价值链升级和经济高质量发展。

The liberalization of the service industry promotes the flow of knowledge,technology and human capital,which is of great significance to the upgrading of the manufacturing value chain and the high-quality development of the economy.The following conclusions are drawn after empirical tests based on the panel data of 24 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government)from 2005 to 2019:First,the overall services liberalization has a positive effect on the upgrading of the manufacturing value chain;the liberalization of the production and living services,as well as scientific and cultural services,has a significant promotion effect on the upgrading of the manufacturing value chain,while the liberalization of the distribution area type of services has a significant inhibitory effect on the upgrading of the manufacturing value chain.The liberalization of service industries in the field of circulation has a significant inhibitory effect on the upgrading of the manufacturing value chain.Secondly,the opening up of the service industry to promote the upgrading of the manufacturing value chain has a significant human capital threshold effect,and the human capital threshold effect is significant in the eastern and western regions,but not in the central region.Therefore,gradually reducing the market access threshold of the service industry and optimizing the policy of talent introduction through multiple initiatives and ways will help improve the industrial structure of the manufacturing industry and promote the upgrading of the manufacturing value chain and the high-quality development of the economy.