基于阻尼合金层的轴箱弹簧驻波效应抑制研究

Study on Restraining the Standing Wave Effect of Axle Box Spring Based on Damping Alloy Layer

高速列车轴箱弹簧是转向架结构传声的主要路径,其驻波效应会对转向架高频隔振特性乃至车内噪声产生显著影响。因此,基于弹簧驻波效应机理,采用有限元法建立轴箱弹簧有限元模型,探究轴箱弹簧在0~2000Hz频率区段内的模态应变能分布特点,提出在轴箱弹簧簧条内侧敷设阻尼合金层的结构设计方案,调查阻尼合金层厚度对抑制特性的影响。结果表明,由于轴箱弹簧质量分布惯性作用的影响,其高频段会产生明显的驻波效应,对轴箱弹簧隔振性能产生显著影响。在轴箱弹簧簧条内侧贴附阻尼合金层可以有效提升其阻尼性能,2 mm厚阻尼合金层可将轴箱弹簧模态损耗因子从0.001提升至0.005,峰值密集区和峰值稀疏区选取的振动峰值抑制量分别可达16.3 dB和13.4 dB,三分之一倍频段抑制量最高可达6.8dB。该研究结果可为高速列车振动与噪声控制提供指导和支撑。

The axle box spring of high-speed trains is the main transmission path for sound transmission in the bogie structure,and its standing wave effect has a significant impact on the high-frequency vibration isolation characteristics of the bogie and even the interior noise.In this paper,based on the mechanism of spring standing wave effect,the finite element model of the axle box spring is established by using the finite element method,the distribution characteristics of modal strain energy of the axle box spring in the frequency range of 0~2000 Hz are explored,the structural design scheme of laying the damping alloy layer on the inside of the axle box spring strip is proposed,and the influence of the thickness of damping alloy layer on the suppression characteristics is investigated.The results show that due to the inertia effect of the mass distribution of the axle box spring,there isan obvious standing wave effect at the high frequency,which has a significant impact on the vibration isolation performance of the axle box spring.Attaching a damping alloy layer on the inner side of the axle box spring strip can effectively improve its damping performance.A 2 mm thick damping alloy layer can increase the modal loss factor of the axle box spring from 0.001 to 0.005.The vibration peak suppression amount selected in the peak dense area and peak sparse area can reach 16.3 dB and 13.4 dB respectively,and the maximum suppression amount in the one-third octave band can reach 6.8 dB.The relevant research results provide guidance and support for the control of vibration and noise of high-speed trains.