典型运行风环境对400km/h动车组动力学性能的影响研究

Influence of Typical Operational Wind Environments on Dynamic Performance of 400 km/h EMUs

为分析时速400km动车组在明线平地15 m/s横风、单车通过双线隧道和明线列车交会三种典型运行工况下气动载荷对动车组动力学性能的影响,先利用Fluent流体力学软件仿真得到三种典型风环境下各节车体的非定常气动力和力矩,再将其作为外部激励施加到Simpack多体动力学仿真模型中,进而构建列车的离线流固耦合模型,开展提速后的高速列车动力学性能仿真分析。结果表明:与无气动载荷相比,不同环境下气动载荷均会使列车的平稳性和安全性指标有所增大,但各节车之间存在一定差异;横风工况下,由于头车受到较大的侧向力和摇头力矩,故气动载荷影响下头车平稳性和安全性的恶化程度远大于其它车;单车通过双线隧道工况下,由于受到尾流涡的影响,1~8车的气动侧向力、摇头力矩波动程度整体呈逐渐增大规律,故气动载荷影响下4~8车的横向平稳性恶化程度远大于1~3车;明线交会工况下,各节车的平稳性指标均有所增大,且增幅接近,相比其它车,尾车的安全性变差明显。

This study aims to analyze the influence of aerodynamic loads on the dynamic performance of high-speed trains at the speed of 400 km/h under three typical operational conditions:a 15 m/s crosswind on open lines,a train passing through a double-track tunnel,and trains passing on open lines.Firstly,the unsteady aerodynamic force and torque of each car under the three typical environments are obtained by using the Fluent fluid dynamics software and then applied as an external excitation to the Simpack multi-body dynamics simulation model.The offline fluid structure coupling model of the train is established,and the dynamic performance simulation analysis of the high-speed train at increased speed is carried out.The results suggest that compared with conditions without aerodynamic load,aerodynamic loads can increase the stability and safety index of trains in different environments,though it various between different car bodies;under the crosswind condition,due to the significant lateral force and yaw moment on the head car,the deterioration of the stability and safety of the head car under the influence of aerodynamic loads is much greater than that of other cars;under the condition of a train passing through a double-track tunnel,due to the influence of wake vortices,the fluctuation of aerodynamic lateral force and yaw moment of car no.1 to no.8 gradually increases.Consequently,under the influence of aerodynamic loads,the deterioration of the lateral stability of car no.4 to no.8 is far more severe than that of car no.1 to no.3;under the condition of trains passing on open lines,the stability index of each car increases with close amplitude,but the safety of the tail car significantly deteriorates compared with other cars.