论韩非子与老子、黄老之关系——以人性论为线索

On the Relationship between Han Feizi and Lao Tzu,Huang Lao—Taking the Theory of Human Nature as a Clue

韩非子尽管深受老子和黄老道家的影响,但从人性论角度看其思想与老子颇有不同,与黄老道家则有更多的相似。老子追求超越升华的精神境界,反对“人”成为任何他者的工具,但黄老道家和韩非子则力图直面战国时代的现实问题,主张以“因情而治”的方式加强对“人”的控制。老子以“道”的视角观察宇宙、俯瞰人类、审视人性,对人类文明进步和权力异化有深刻的反思意识;韩非子及部分黄老道家则聚焦于在列国纷争中如何加强统治的现实问题。老子超越了时代,黄老和韩非子则顺应了时代。

Although deeply influenced by Lao Tzu and Huang Lao,Han Feizi is quite different from Lao Tzu from the perspective of human nature,but more similar to Huang Lao.Laozi pursues the spiritual realm of transcendence and opposes people to become the tool of any other.But Huang Lao and Han Feizi tries to face the real problems of the Warring States period and advocates strengthening the control of people.Lao Tzu observes the universe,contemplates human beings and examines human nature from the perspective of Tao,and has a profound reflection on the progress of human civilization and the alienation of power.Han Feizi and some Huang-Lao Taoists focus on the practical issue of how to strengthen the rule in the disputes among the nations.Lao Tzu transcends the times,while Huang Lao and Han Feizi conform to the time.