美国青少年田径后备人才培养现实基础、经验举措与实践启示

The Developed Foundation,Experience and Enlightenment of American Youth Track and Field Reserve Talent Training

青少年田径后备人才培养质量和效益是我国田径事业高质量发展的关键之举,也关乎提升我国竞技体育整体实力。面对我国青少年田径后备人才培养组织建设、竞赛体系、保障机制等方面存在的问题,以借鉴视角分析美国青少年田径后备人才培养经验。美国青少年田径后备人才培养以建立“校园+协会”协同化组织机制,推动青少年后备人才培养一体化发展;搭建“普及+提高”层级化竞赛体系,为青少年后备人才提供多元晋级平台;实行“业余+职业”融合化训练模式,驱动青少年后备人才能力科学化发展;健全“认证+晋升”衔接化培养体系,聚焦青少年后备人才培育主导力建设。基于此提出我国应以学校体育为组织核心,夯实田径后备人才培养基础;以体育赛事为发展媒介,拓宽田径后备人才选拔渠道;以科学系统为训练原则,提升田径后备人才培养质量;以职业认证为培养路径,增强田径后备人才执教水平。

The quality and effectiveness of youth Track and Field reserve talent training is a key move for the high-quality development of Track and Field career in China,and is also related to improving the overall strength of competitive sports.In the face of the problems that exist in the organizational construction,competition system,and guarantee mechanism of youth Track and Field reserve personnel training in China,this study analyzes the experience of American youth Track and Field reserve talent cultivation from a borrowed perspective.The experience of American youth Track and Field reserve talent training are it builds the Collaborative organizational mechanism of“School+Association”to improve the integrated development of youth reserve talent training,establishes the hierarchical competition system of“Universalization+Improvement”to provide a diversified promotion platform for youth reserve talent,realizes the integrative training model of“Amateur+Profession”to drive the scientific development of ability of youth reserve talent,improves articulation training system of“Certification+Promotion”to focus on the construction of Dominance of youth reserve talent training.Based on this,it is proposed that China should utilize school sports as the core of organization to strengthen the foundation of track and field reserve talent development,take sports events as development medium to broaden the channels for selecting track and field reserves,regard scientific and systemic as training principle to enhance the quality of track and field reserve talent development,take the career certification resource as training path to enhance the coaching of track and field reserves.