巫文化与夏初史事新解

Witchcraft Culture and New Interpretations of Early Xia Historical Events

夏初正处于巫文化盛行时期,人们的思维指向与行事方式必定受到巫文化的影响。然而古今学者研究夏初史事,极少关注到这个向度,这个盲区的存在势必影响我们对夏初史事的理解。自颛顼至周初,中国远古史上存在一段相当长的“君巫政治”模式时期,通天大巫为“帝”“王”获取天意,提供政治上的指导,同时也是“帝”“王”合法化的最大表征。不能得重黎—羲和氏族为大巫,就没有为“帝”、为“王”的资格。我们用这一视角观察后羿代夏、少康复国过程中的一些历史事件,会得出一些新的认识:羿“自鉏迁于穷石”,是为了接近羲和氏族,试图获得这个通天大巫的支持;“胤征”是羿寻求支持失败后对羲和氏族的报复性征伐;羿“以寒浞为相”实为以寒浞为大巫;羿“以嫦娥为妻”的性质与“以寒浞为相”是近似的,后羿在大巫不够“正宗”的情况下,娶嫦娥为妻,在巫文化思维中,是一个非常重要的补充;帝伃征王寿与得“九尾狐”在巫文化系统中是一种“王征”,是夏人再得“天命”的瑞兆。

In the early days of Xia Dynasty,people were in a period of pr evailing witchcraft culture,and their thinking and behavior were inevitably influenced by witchcraft culture.However,scholars from ancient and modern times have rarely paid attention to this dimension when studying early Xia history,and the existence of this blind spot will inevitably affect our understanding of early Xia history.From Zhuanxu to the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty,there existed a considerable period of“monarchy and witchcraft politics”in ancient Chinese history.The Great Witch of Heaven obtained divine will for the“emperor”or“king”and provided political guidance;It is also the greatest representation of the legalization of“emperor”or“king”.If the Li Xihe clan cannot be regarded as great witches,they will not have the qualifications to be“emperors”or“kings”.When we observe some historical events during the pr ocess of Hou Yi’s replacement of Xia and Shao Kang’s restoration from this perspective,we can come to some new understanding:Yi“migrated from the poor stone”in order to get close to the Xihe clan and try to gain the support of this heavenly witch;“Yin Zheng”was a retaliatory campaign against the Xihe clan by Yi after his failed attempt to seek support;Yi’s“use of cold water as the prime minister”is actually a great witch who uses cold water as the prime minister;The nature of Yi’s“taking Chang’e as his wife”is similar to that of“taking Hanzhuo as his prime minister”.Hou Yi married Chang’e when the Great Witch was not“authentic”enough,which is a very important supplement in the thinking of witchcraft culture;The imperial Zhu conquest of Wang Shou and the acquisition of the“Nine Tailed Fox”is a kind of“Sign of Being King”in the witchcraft culture system,which is a auspicious sign for the Xia people to obtain the“Hea venly Mandate”again.