精明收缩视角下云南省村庄规划的困境及路径转变——基于128个村庄实地调研

The Dilemma and Path Transformation of Village Planning in Yunnan Province under the Perspective of Smart Shrinkage:Based on Field Research in 128 Villages

云南省“多规合一”实用性村庄规划已全面展开,为乡村人居环境高质量发展打下了坚实基础。然而,在规划建设过程中仍然存在突出的人地关系矛盾,即忽视空间质量提升的用地规模扩张与人口空心化、老龄化之间的矛盾。本文结合云南省“干部规划家乡行动”中期评价工作实践,以“精明收缩”作为理论切入,强调云南省村庄规划应当以国土空间规划为支撑,强化政策工具运用,确保乡村发展既符合村民实际需求,又能高效利用土地。同时主张云南省村庄规划路径应从单一功能分类向多功能兼容分类转变;规划方法应从单纯的增量规划向与村庄特征相匹配的规划演进;规划过程应从传统的乡贤治理模式转向多方合作治理模式,以促进各利益相关方的广泛参与和共同决策;规划内容应从基础的土地利用规划向更加灵活的更新设计发展。通过这些转变,旨在推动村庄规划进入一个多方参与、动态适应的新阶段,深化“精明收缩”理念在村庄规划实践中的应用,以期为村庄规划路径转变提供新的思路。

In Yunnan Province,the comprehensive implementation of'multi-planning integration'for practical village planning has laid a solid foundation for the high-quality development of rural living environments.However,during the planning and construction process,prominent contradictions in human-land relationships persist,particularly the conflict between land expansion that neglects spatial quality improvement and the issues of population hollowing and aging.This paper,drawing on the practical experience from the mid-term evaluation of the'Cadres Plan Their Hometown Actions'in Yunnan Province,employs'smart shrinkage'as a theoretical entry point,emphasizing that village planning in Yunnan should be grounded in national spatial planning,and the utilization of policy tools should be strengthened to ensure that rural development not only meets the actual needs of villagers but also utilizes land efficiently.It further advocates for a shift in Yunnan's village planning approach from a single-function classification to a multifunctional compatible classification.Planning methods should evolve from simple incremental planning to those that align with the specific characteristics of each village.The planning process should shift from the traditional rural elite governance model to a multi-stakeholder collaborative governance model,promoting widespread participation and joint decision-making among all interested parties.Additionally,planning content should transition from basic land use planning to more flexible and innovative design approaches.Through these transformations,the aim is to advance village planning into a new era of multi-stakeholder involvement and dynamic adaptation,deepening the application of the'smart shrinkage'concept in village planning practices and providing novel insights for the transformation of village planning pathways.