知识教学中的情感理解

The Affective Understanding in Knowledge Teaching

知识学习不只是理智理解活动,更是情感理解活动。“情感理解”是指人们打破主客二分的桎梏,走下自我中心的神坛,站在对方的立场,凭籍如同真实在场般的感同身受,走入对方的世界中,在与“他者”共历遭遇的过程中,唤起内心的共情、怜悯、崇敬与关怀。情感理解有助于拆解知识的“符号包装”,直抵“情感内核”;祛除教学的“理论倒灌”,孕育“情感认同”;摒弃主客的“疏远分离”,走向“情感相遇”,教育者与学人在欣赏自然、聆听他者、安顿自我中与世界相知、相拥。为此,教师可从认知教学的改进与优化入手,借助擦除情感偏见、能够代入他者处境,挖掘情感因子得以恪守诠释限度,留余身心闲暇尝试浸润情感体验,铺叙情感基调实现引发情感共鸣,等等,通过诸多举措促使知识情感理解真正发生。

Knowledge-based learning is not only an activity of rational understanding,but also an activity of affective understanding.“Affective understanding”means that people break the shackles of the duality of being subjects and objects,step down from the altar of self-centeredness,stand in the other person’s position,and walk into the other person's world by feeling the same as the real presence,and arouse the inner empathy,compassion,reverence and care in the process of sharing the encounter with the“other”.Affective understanding helps to dismantle the“symbolic packaging”of knowledge,reach the“affective core”,eliminate the“theoretical backfilling”of teaching,foster“affective identity”,abandon the“estrangement and separation”of subjects and objects,and move toward“affective encounter”,and know and embrace the world in appreciating nature,listening to others,and settling down.Therefore,teachers can start from the improvement and optimization of cognitive teaching,by erasing affective bias,substituting the situation of others,mining affective factors,strictly observing the limits of interpretation,leaving physical and mental spare time,infiltrating affective experience,laying out affective tone,triggering emotional resonance and other measures to promote the real understanding of knowledge-based affection.