不同干燥方法对枳壳外观性状与内在品质的影响

Effects of Different Drying Methods on the Appearance and Internal Components of Aurantii Fructus

目的:考察不同干燥加工方法对枳壳药材外观性状和化学成分的影响,为筛选适宜的干燥加工方法提供依据。方法:比较不同干燥方法对枳壳水分、灰分、密度、浸出物含量等理化指标的影响;采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析比较不同干燥方法对枳壳柚皮苷和新橙皮苷含量的影响;采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析比较不同干燥方法下枳壳挥发性成分的差异。结果:趁鲜切片干燥加工方法干燥速度快,枳壳中水分含量低,但浸出物、柚皮苷、新橙皮苷含量均高于其它干燥方法。烘干后切制和晒干后切制枳壳药材外观性状与内在品质相近,晒干枳壳表皮颜色呈棕褐色,烘干枳壳表皮呈绿褐色,两者化学成分相对含量差异不显著。陈放后的枳壳表皮色泽变暗,水分含量升高,浸出物减少,柚皮苷含量升高,新橙皮苷含量降低,挥发性成分减少。结论:综合考虑药材质量、干燥速度和经济性等因素,趁鲜切片干燥适用于枳壳药材的干燥加工。

Objective:To investigate the effects of different processing methods on the appearance and chemical composition of Aurantii Fructus,aiming to provide experimental basis for screening suitable drying method of Aurantii Fructus.Methods:The physical and chemical indicators,including water content,ash content,density,and extract content,of Aurantii Fructus were compared under different drying methods.The content of naringin and neohesperidin in Aurantii Fructus was analyzed and compared by the high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method under different drying methods.The difference in volatile components of Aurantii Fructus was analyzed and compared by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)method under different drying methods.Results:The drying method of slicing while fresh has the advantage of quick drying speed,low water content in Fructus Aurantii,and higher contents of extract,naringin,neohesperidin than other drying methods.The oven dried and sun dried Aurantii Fructus had similar appearance and internal quality.The skin color of oven dried Aurantii Fructus was brown,while the skin color of the sun-dried Aurantii Fructus was greenish brown.There was no significant difference in the relative content of chemical components between the two.After being stored for one year,the skin color of Aurantii Fructus became dark,the water content increased,the extracts decreased,naringin increased,neohesperidin decreased,and the volatile components decreased.Conclusion:Slice drying was suitable for the drying process of Aurantii Fructus,considering the quality,drying speed,and economy of the medicinal materials.