呼伦贝尔岭东地区野生大豆资源分布和种群生境调查研究

Investigation on Resource Distribution and Population Habitat of Wild Soybean in Hulunbuir Lingdong Area

目的:通过对呼伦贝尔岭东地区野生大豆(Glycine soja Sieb.)种质资源分布、种群生境及样方内物种组成进行考察、搜集和整理,为该地区野生大豆资源开发、利用和保护提供参考依据。方法:采用野外调查、植物样本采集、资料文献收集等,分析了野生大豆地理分布特征、伴生植物组成及生长状况,并对保护区和非保护区野生大豆保护情况进行了对比分析。结果:呼伦贝尔岭东地区野生大豆大多分布在湿地、池塘、水稻田边机耕路、大豆田边、铁道旁边等地势低洼处,零星分布,也有连片成为群落的。野生大豆在湿地公园区域内株丛数和盖度排序第一,株高平均值为48 cm。伴生植物披碱草(Elymus dahuricus Turcz.)(83丛、盖度7%)、长萼鸡眼草(Kummerowia stipulacea Maxim.)(62丛、盖度3%)、问荆(Equisetum arvense L.)(52丛、盖度16%)占位优势种。结论:呼伦贝尔地区野生大豆资源较丰富,发展提升空间大,但是对其重要性的认识不到位,造成野生大豆破坏现象十分严重,本次调查为该地区的野生大豆资源的保护和科学利用提供参考依据。

Objective:The present study aimed to provide a reference for the development,utilization,and protection of wild soybean(Glycine soja Sieb.)resources in the Hulunbuir region by integrating the distribution,germplasm resources,population habitat and species composition.Methods:The geographical distribution characteristics,accompanying plants and growth status associated with the wild soybean were analyzed according to the field investigation,plant sample collection,data collection and others.Results:The wild soybeans were mostly or sporadically distributed in the wetlands,ponds,rice fields,soybean fields,railways and other low-lying places.In the wetland,wild soybean ranked first in both number and coverage,with an average plant height of 48 cm.Associated plants included Elymus dahuricus Turcz.(83 clumps,7%coverage),Kummerowia stipulacea Maxim.(62 clumps,3%coverage),and Equisetum arvense L.(52 clumps,16%coverage).Conclusion:The Hulunbuir region was rich in wild soybean resources with significant potential for development and promotion.However,the importance of these resources was currently underrecognized,leading to severe degradation.This investigation provided valuable insights for the conservation and scientific utilization of wild soybean resources in the area.