云南小凉山地区端午药市的民族药用植物资源研究

Ethnobotanical Study on Medicinal Market during the Dragon Boat Festival in Xiaoliangshan of Yunnan Province

目的:了解云南小凉山地区端午药市药用植物交易现状,发掘民族医药传统知识。方法:采用民族植物学等方法对云南小凉山地区端午药市进行调查,完成包括基原名、药用部位、用途和用法等内容的药用植物编目。结果:经过整理和鉴定,云南小凉山地区端午药市药用植物有153种,隶属72科,123属,被《中国药典》收录49种,作为保健品使用的药材共28种,药食同源的植物共29种。药材药用部位有8类[根类(根或块根或根茎)、全草类或全株类、果类、鳞茎、花类、子实体类、油类、叶类],其中以根类入药最多,占总种数的47.7%。药材主要用于益气补血、益肾强筋、键脾和胃、调节免疫、祛风除湿、活血祛瘀、温里散寒、温经止痛、抗炎、镇痛及清热解毒等功效。药材使用方法以水煎服为主,其次是多种配伍炖肉,煎汤熏洗或沐浴,捣烂外敷,泡酒涂擦。药材治疗疾病用于治疗消化系统最多(56种,36.6%),其次是治疗肌肉骨骼系统与结缔组织疾病(54种,35.3%)。结论:云南小凉山地区端午药市药用植物种类丰富多样,被用于药用、食用和保健品,药用独具民族特色,成为发掘新药源、新用途的潜在资源。

Objective:This article aimed to investigate the current situation of medicinal plant trade in the medicinal market during the Dragon Boat Festival and explore the traditional knowledge of ethnic medicine in the Xiaoliangshan region of Yunnan Province.Methods:A survey was conducted on the medicinal market during the Dragon Boat Festival in Xiaoliangshan by using methods such as ethnobotany to complete a medicinal plants catalog recording the plants original names,medicinal parts,uses and usages.Results:After investigation and evaluation,there were 153 medicinal plants in the medicinal market during the Dragon Boat Festival in Xiaoliangshan of Yunnan,belonging to 72 families and 123 genera,among which 49 were enlisted in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,28 were used as health products,and 29 were considered as both food and medicine.Among the 8 types of medicinal herb parts[roots(roots or tubers or rhizomes),whole grasses or whole plants,fruits,bulbs,flowers,fruiting bodies,oils,and leaves],roots were most commonly used in medicine,accounting for 47.7%of the total.These medicinal herbs boasted various effects such as replenishing Qi and promoting blood circulation,tonifying the kidney and strengthening tendons,invigorating the spleen and stomach,regulating immunity,dispelling wind-dampness,activating blood to remove stasis,warming the interior to dissipate cold,warming meridians to relieve pain,fighting inflammation,easing pain,clearing heat and removing toxicity,etc.The main usage of medicinal herbs was to make a decoction for oral administration,followed by stewing them with meat,making a decoction for fuming and washing or bathing,mashing them for external application,and soaking them in wine for application.Medicinal herbs were most commonly used to treat digestive diseases(56,36.6%),followed by musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases(54,35.3%).Conclusion:The medicinal market during the Dragon Boat Festival in the Xiaoliangshan region of Yunnan Province provided rich and diverse varieties of medicinal plants,which were used as medicine,food and health products.The medicinal plants as medicine with unique ethnic characteristics became potential resources for exploring new drug sources and applications.