赵孟頫书札中的医事

Medicine Deeds in the Letters of ZHAO Mengfu

[目的]挖掘宋元时期艺术家赵孟頫尺牍书札中的医事活动。[方法]以历史文献学考据法和文本分析法,参考现有文献资料,根据年代顺序对书札进行排序,总结归纳其中有关中医中药的内容,分析推测赵孟頫患不同病时相应的病因、药方和疗效,以及当时的社会医疗习惯;通过书札中记载的赵孟頫与亲友间的人际交往和人情往来,探究宋元时期士大夫阶层和统治者对医学的态度。[结果]赵孟頫生前多次患病,其本人具有优秀的医学素养,不但能够依据疾病症状自行诊断开方,也会给亲友以用药建议,而且他与亲友之间交流经验药方,互相赠送养生药食,许多是药食同源之物,其药方大都源自官修医书,从侧面印证了宋元人民会通过食疗来预防和治疗疾病,展现了儒生士大夫阶层习医亲医的社会风尚和统治者重医的政治态度。[结论]赵孟頫的尺牍书札,作为实物史料,为中医中药文化的研究提供了新的切入口。

[Objective]To excavate the medical affairs in the letters of ZHAO Mengfu,an artist in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.[Methods]Based on the method of historical literature research and text analysis,this paper sorts the letters according to the chronological order by referring to the existing documents,summarizes the contents of traditional Chinese medicine and analyzes the corresponding causes,prescriptions and curative effects of ZHAO Mengfu's different diseases,as well as the social medical treatment at that time.Through the interpersonal and personal exchanges between ZHAO Mengfu and his relatives and friends recorded in the letters,this paper explores the literates and rulers'views on medicine in the Song and Yuan dynasties.[Results]ZHAO Mengfu had many illnesses during his life,and he had excellent medical quality.He could not only diagnose and prescribe prescriptions by himself according to the symptoms of the disease,but also give medication suggestions to his relatives and friends.In addition,he exchanged prescriptions with his relatives and friends,and gave each other healthy medicine and food.It proved that the people of Song and Yuan Dynasties would prevent and treat diseases through food therapy,and it showed the social custom of the Confucian scholarian-bureaucrats in practicing medicine and the political attitude of the rulers to pay attention to medicine.[Conclusion]ZHAO Mengfu's letters,as real historical materials,provide new insights into the study of traditional Chinese medicine culture.