医用评估量表的信效度评价方法

Method for evaluating the reliability and validity of medical assessment scales

信效度检验是量表编制或汉化量表投入正式应用前的最后一步,能有效地测试量表的题目是否可以反映真实的被测量的理论变量的水平,并反映量表是否有效地测定到本身所打算测定的内容。本文从量表的信效度评价的方法入手,介绍信度评价指标(重测信度、分半信度、克朗巴赫α系数)和效度评价指标(内容效度、效标关联效度、结构效度)的定义和计算方式,并以汉化版《医患共享决策问卷》(SDM-Q-Doc)在医疗美容领域应用的信度与效度评价为例,进行SPSS统计学软件操作演示,以期为研究者编制量表或汉化量表后进行信效度评价时提供参考。

The reliability and validity test is the final step before a scale is developed or standardized and put into formal use,and can effectively test whether the questions on the scale reflect the true level of the theoretical variable being measured,and whether the scale is effective in measuring what it is intended to measure.This article starts from the method of scale reliability and validity evaluation,introduces the definition and calculation of reliability evaluation indexes(retest reliability,split-half reliability,Cronbachαcoefficient)and validity evaluation indexes(content validity,validity scale correlation validity,structural validity),and take the Chinese version of the development and psychometric properties of the shared decision making questionnaire-physician version(SDM-Q-Doc)in the field of medical aesthetics as an example for reliability and validity evaluation to demonstrate the operation of SPSS statistical software,so as to provide reference for the reliability and validity evaluation of the scale or the Chinese scale after the researcher compiles the scale.