瑞马唑仑对老年患者脊柱手术后睡眠节律和谵妄的影响

Effect of remazolam on sleep rhythm and postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery

目的探讨瑞马唑仑对接受脊柱手术的老年患者术后褪黑素分泌、睡眠节律和谵妄(POD)的影响。方法选择2023年11月至2024年1月拟在全麻下行脊柱手术(腰椎椎体间融合术,后入路)的老年患者160例,男76例,女84例,年龄65~80岁,BMI 18.5~24.0 kg/m^(2),ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组:瑞马唑仑组(R组)和丙泊酚组(P组),每组80例。R组予瑞马唑仑0.3 mg/kg进行麻醉诱导,后持续泵注瑞马唑仑0.3~0.8 mg·kg^(-1)·h^(-1)进行麻醉维持;P组予丙泊酚2.0 mg/kg进行麻醉诱导,后持续泵注丙泊酚4~6 mg·kg^(-1)·h^(-1)进行麻醉维持。记录手术当日、术后1、2、3 d凌晨04:00褪黑素和皮质醇浓度。记录术前1 d、术后1、2 d、出院前的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)和静息时VAS疼痛评分。记录POD和术后睡眠障碍(POSD)发生情况。记录拔管时间、PACU停留时间、镇痛泵总按压次数、镇痛泵有效按压次数、补救镇痛例数。记录术中低血压、术后恶心呕吐、头晕、呼吸抑制等不良事件发生情况。结果与P组比较,R组拔管时间和PACU停留时间明显缩短(P<0.05);术后1 d凌晨04:00褪黑素浓度明显升高,皮质醇浓度明显降低,PSQI明显降低(P<0.05);POD、POSD和术中低血压发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。两组拔管时间、镇痛泵总按压和有效按压次数、补救镇痛率、术中低血压、术后恶心呕吐、头晕、呼吸抑制发生率差异无统计学意义。结论瑞马唑仑用于行脊柱手术的老年患者,对术后褪黑素和皮质醇分泌节律和睡眠节律的影响较小,可降低POD发生率,缓解术后睡眠障碍。

Objective To investigate the effects of remazolam on melatonin secretion,sleep rhythm and postoperative delirium(POD)in elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery.Methods A total of 160 elderly patients,76 males and 84 females,aged 65-80 years,BMI 18.5-24.0 kg/m^(2),ASA physical statusⅡorⅢ,from November 2023 to January 2024 undergoing spinal surgery(lumbar interbody fusion,posterior approach)under general anesthesia were selected.The patients were divided into two groups by random number table method:the remazolam group(group R)and the propofol group(group P),80 patients in each group.Group R was given remazolam 0.3 mg/kg for anesthesia induction,and then continued to pump remazolam 0.3-0.8 mg·kg^(-1)·h^(-1) for anesthesia maintenance.Group P was given propofol 2.0 mg/kg for anesthesia induction,and then continued to pump propofol 4-6 mg·kg^(-1)·h^(-1) for anesthesia maintenance.The levels of melatonin and cortisol were recorded at 04:00 a.m.on the day of surgery,1 day,2 and 3 days after surgery.Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)and VAS pain scores at rest were recorded 1 day before surgery,1 day and 2 days after surgery and before discharge.The occurrence of POD and postoperative sleep disorder(POSD)were recorded.The duration of extubation,PACU stay time,total analgesia pump compressions,effective analgesia pump compressions,number of remedial analgesia cases,intraoperative hypotension,postoperative nausea and vomiting,dizziness,respiratory depression and other adverse events were recorded.Results Compared with group P,the extubation time and PACU residence time in group R were significantly shortened(P<0.05),the level of melatonin was significantly increased while the level of cortisol was significantly decreased at 4:00 a.m.,and the PSQI was significantly decreased 1 day after surgery(P<0.05),the incidence of POD,POSD,and intraoperative hypotension were significantly decreased(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in extubation time,total and effective times of analgesic pump,rate of remedial analgesia,intraoperative hypotension,postoperative nausea,vomiting,dizziness and respiratory depression between the two groups.Conclusion Remazolam has little effect on the secretion rhythm of melatonin and cortisol and the sleep rhythm after spinal surgery in elderly patients,and the recovery is faster,which can reduce the incidence of POD and alleviate the sleep disorder after spinal surgery.