晚清书院藏书目录的多种类型及其成因

Multiple Types of Bibliography in Academies of the Late Qing Dynasty and Their Causes

晚清时期书院藏书建设蓬勃发展,据统计,这一时期流传下来的书院藏书目录数量超过以往各年代的总和。晚清书院藏书目录具有多种类型,在详略程度上,既有偏重“考镜源流、辨章学术”的提要式目录,也有只登记书籍基本信息的账簿式目录。在分类体系选择上,既有采用传统四部分类体系的目录,也有力图打破中西学壁垒、设置新分类体系的目录,还出现了以捐赠人为款目的捐赠目录。晚清书院藏书目录的多样性发展,主要受晚清书院藏书的渐进性及飞速膨胀、缺乏统一分类体系以及书籍购藏的不稳定性因素的影响。晚清书院藏书在变革过程中获得了多元发展,其藏书理论和实践蕴含着从传统迈向近代的必然性。

During the late Qing Dynasty,the book collection construction in the academies developed vigorously.According to statistics,there were more bibliographies for the collection of books in the academies handed down during this period than in the previous era combined.There are various types of bibliographies for the collection of books in the academies of the late Qing Dynasty.From a detailed perspective,there are both summary bibliographies that emphasize"debating the knowledge carefully and observing the origin clearly",and account book bibliographies that only register the basic information of books.In terms of the selection of classification systems,there are not only classification of four types of classics,but also categories that seek to break the barriers between Chinese and Western learning and set up a new classification system,and some categories that are donation directory with donor item.The diversity development of the bibliography of late Qing academies was mainly influenced by the rapid growth of the book collection in different stages,the lack of a unified classification system,and the instability of book purchases.The collection of books in the academies of the late Qing Dynasty has achieved diversified development in the process of continuous transformation,and its collection theory and practice contain the inevitability of moving from tradition to modern times.