肿瘤医院临床护士心理韧性潜在剖面分析及影响因素

Latent Profile Analysis and Influencing Factors of Clinical Nurses' Psychological Resilience in Oncology Hospitals

目的调查肿瘤医院临床护士心理韧性现状,识别护士心理韧性的潜在剖面,探究其亚组特征及其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,选取西南地区肿瘤医院812名临床护士,使用一般资料调查表、心理韧性量表进行调查,使用Mplus8.3进行潜在剖面分析,对肿瘤医院临床护士心理韧性特征进行分类,SPSS 26.0进行χ^(2)检验和无序多分类Logistic回归分析,各因素对不同剖面的影响。结果肿瘤医院临床护士心理韧性共识别出3个潜在剖面,分别命名为心理韧性“低韧性组”、“一般韧性组”、“高韧性组”,占比为16.2%、54.6%、19.2%,无序多分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,民族、婚姻状况、科室、职称、工作年限、年收入、性格特征是其潜在剖面的影响因素(P<0.01)。结论肿瘤医院临床护士心理韧性处于中等水平,存在明显的异质性特征,受到诸多因素的影响,护理管理者开展相关培训时应识别其类别特征及影响因素,进行培训方案的调整,针对性干预,加强各级护士心理韧性建设,维护护士身心健康,提高工作效率。

Objective To investigate the current status of psychological resilience of clinical nurses in a cancer hospital,identify the potential profile categories of psychological resilience of nurses,and explore its subgroup characteristics and influencing factors,so as to provide a basis for the construction of targeted and scientific psychological resilience intervention strategies.Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select 812 clinical nurses from oncology hospitals in Southwest China,using a general information questionnaire,mental toughness scale,potential profile analysis using Mplus 8.3 to categorise the characteristics of clinical nurses' mental toughness in oncology hospitals,and χ^(2) test and unordered multiclassified logistic regression using SPSS26.0 to analyse the effects of each factor on different categories.Results Three potential profiles of mental toughness of clinical nurses in oncology hospitals were identified,which were named as mental toughness “low toughness group”,“general toughness group” and “high toughness group”,accounting for 16.2%,54.6%and 19.2%,respectively.The results of unordered multiclassified logistic regression analysis showed that ethnicity,marital status,department,title,years of experience,annual income,and personality traits were the influencing factors(P < 0.01).Conclusions Clinical nurses' mental toughness in oncology hospitals is at an intermediate level,and there are obvious heterogeneous characteristics affected by many factors.Nursing managers should identify their categories and influencing factors when carrying out relevant training,make adjustments to the training programme,and make targeted interventions to strengthen the construction of nurses' mental toughness at all levels,to safeguard nurses' physical and mental health,and to improve their work efficiency.