锂离子电池用低温电解液添加剂的研究进展

Research Progress of Low Temperature Electrolyte Additives for Lithium Ion Batteries

锂离子电池是一种二次电池(充电电池),主要工作机制是依靠锂离子在正极和负极之间的移动。低温电解液的改性是优化锂离子电池低温性能的关键,其中,添加剂的加入可有效改善电解液的离子电导率,降低电极/电解质界面的阻抗。本文重点围绕近年来锂离子电池用低温电解液添加剂的研究情况进行综述,包括含氟试剂、亚硫酸酯类、碳酸酯类、含硅聚合物、醚类和锂盐等,简述添加剂在低温环境中对电解液的离子电导率和电极/电解质界面阻抗的作用机制,以及对电池低温性能的影响。

Lithium-ion battery is a secondary battery(rechargeable battery)that mainly relies on the movement of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work.How to improve its low temperature performance has become a hot research topic.The modification of low temperature electrolyte is the key to optimize the low temperature performance of lithium ion battery.The addition of additives can effectively improve the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte and reduce the impedance of the electrode/electrolyte interface.This paper focuses on the recent research on lowtemperature electrolyte additives for lithium-ion batteries,including fluorinated reagents,sulfite esters,carbonate esters,silicon-containing polymers,ethers and lithium salts,and briefly describes their mechanism of action on ionic conductivity of electrolyte and electrode/electrolyte interface impedance in low-temperature environment,and their effects on lowtemperature performance of batteries.