警察行政领域“受害人”原告资格的法理澄清

Jurisprudential Clarification of the Plaintiff Qualification of the “Victim” in the Field of Police Administration

《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国行政诉讼法〉的解释》第十二条之受害人条款在司法实践中得到广泛适用,但因其悖离学界期待而备受批评。针对警察行政领域受害人之利害关系的判断,宜采推定利害关系说,即符合“警察行政领域”要件和“加害人/受害人”要件,就可认定存在“利害关系”。推定利害关系说可从心理利害关系和经济利害关系的视角加以证立,亦可通过保护规范理论加以验证。更进一步,应对受害人条款加以限缩解释,将其适用范围限缩于警察行政领域,以实现受害人条款与投诉举报人条款的合理衔接。

The victim clause in Article 12 of the Supreme People's Court Interpretation on the Application of Administrative Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China has been widely applied in judicial practice, but it has been criticized for its deviation from academic expectations. In view of the judgment of the interests of the victim in the field of police administration, it is appropriate to adopt the presumption of interests;,that is, the existence of “interests” can be recognized if it meets the requirements of “police administration” and “perpetrators/victims”. The presumption of interest theory can be proved from the perspective of psychological and economic interests, and can also be verified by the theory of protection norms. Further, the victim clause should be interpreted in a limited way, and its scope of application should be limited to the police administration, so as to achieve a reasonable connection between the victim clause and the complaint informant clause.