大数据时代社会科学研究的范式变革与应对策略

Paradigm Change and Countermeasures of Social Science Research in the Era of Big Data

[研究目的]帮助人们了解大数据时代人类社会的变迁趋势,探索如何应对由数字技术驱动的社会科学研究范式变革,以便更好地理解和建设数字化人类社会。[研究方法]在分析数字社会的特征基础上,通过对比传统社会科学研究方法,从方法论视角创新性地论证了大数据促进社会科学研究范式变革的观点,认为大数据为社会科学研究提供了“全样本”,能够从宏观和微观相结合的视角,以数据和理论为支撑,构建多学科知识图谱,对多源异构数据进行分析,推动社会科学研究转型升级。此外,从研究者素质、学科发展、应用工具、要素支撑、开放合作、体制机制等方面提出应对社会科学研究新变化的策略,以提高复杂数字社会系统的研究效率和水平。[研究结论]大数据时代,人类社会呈现全域数字化、结构复杂化、万物智能化等新特征,这引发了社会科学研究范式变革,我们需要积极应对这些新变化,才能更好地指导人类社会实践。

[Research purpose]It aims to help people understand the changes of human society in the era of big data,explore how to cope with the change of social science research paradigm driven by digital technology,so as to better understand and build digital human society.[Research method]On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of digital society and comparing with traditional social science research methods,this paper innovatively proves the viewpoint that the paradigm change brought by big data to social science research from thep erspective of methodology.It believes that big data provides a“full sample”for social science research,which can be supported by data and theory from the perspective of combining macro and micro.It constructs multidisciplinary knowledge map,analyzing multi-source heterogeneous data,and promoting the transformation and upgrading of social science research.In order to improve the research efficiency and level of complex digital social system,it is proposed to suggest strategies to deal with the new changes of social science research from the aspects of researcher quality,discipline development,application tools,element support,open cooperation,and institutional mechanism.[Research conclusion]In the era of big data,human society is characterized by full-domain digitization,complex structuring,and intelligence of all things,which have triggered a paradigm shift in social science research.We need to actively respond to these new changes in order to better guide human social practice.