制度型开放背景下国际国内外资征收与补偿规则的冲突与协调

Conflicts and Harmonization Between International and National Rules of Expropriation and Compensation for Foreign Investment in the Context of Institution-Based Opening-up

我国国内法与国际规则的协调是制度型开放的应有之义和实现路径。这种“协调”并非盲目趋同,而是必须植根于本土,认识到国内法对国际法的基础性作用,以及国际法对国内法改革不可替代的推动效果。征收与补偿规则是国际投资争端中最常被投资者援引的条款之一,但国际国内征收与补偿规则存在规范冲突与适用差异。一方面,国内法中的征收制度未能囊括间接征收类型;另一方面,表述类似的补偿标准在国际法与国内法中的适用结果往往存在较大差异。为了协调国际国内征收与补偿规则的冲突与差异,我国应适当扩张国内法中的征收概念,在宪法性规范对国际条约的国内适用问题作出规定前,国内法院可参照“一致性解释”规则适用国际投资协定裁判案件。

Harmonizing China's domestic law with international rules is an essential principle and pathway for institution-based opening-up.Harmonization is not about blind convergence but must be rooted in local realities,recognizing both the fundamental functions played by domestic law for international law,and the irreplaceable impetus international law provides for domestic legal reforms.Expropriation and compensation rules are among the most frequently invoked provisions by investors in international investment disputes,but there are conflicts and differences in the norms and applications between international and domestic expropriation and compensation rules.On one hand,Chinese domestic expropriation regime fails to encompass the concept of indirect expropriation;on the other hand,compensation standards with similar wording often result in significantly different applications in international and domestic law.To harmonize the conflicts and differences between international and domestic rules of expropriation and compensation,China should appropriately expand the concept of expropriation in domestic law.Before constitutional norms are changed to clarify the domestic application of international treaties,domestic courts could apply international investment treaties to adjudicate cases by referring to the“consistent interpretation”rule.