德沃金的“语义学之刺”论证对规范性概念研究方法的启示

On the Inspiration of Ronald Dworkin's“Semantic Sting”Argument on the Research Methods of Normative Concepts

目前对于德沃金“语义学之刺”论证的讨论基本都忽视了其对于规范性概念研究方法的意义,这在很大程度上源自人们对“语义学之刺”普遍采取的广义理解方式。实际上还存在一种狭义的“语义学之刺”,其通过揭示基于语义学分析方法的“法律”概念不能说明法律实践中的理论争议何以是真实的而非虚幻的,从而对这种方法提出了一种致命的批评。这一批评的基本思路被德沃金普遍地运用于其他具有“价值负载”的规范性概念。德沃金认为阐释性方法可以解决“语义学之刺”问题,因而是一种更为适当的规范性概念研究方法。由于以语义学分析方法来研究规范性概念的做法具有普遍性,德沃金的主张将会使得规范性概念研究的面貌发生极大的改变,并对道德、政治及法律实践产生重要影响。

At present,the discussion on Dworkin's“Semantic Sting”argument mostly ignore its significance for the research method of normative concepts,this largely stems from the broad understanding of the“Semantic Sting”by people.In fact,there is still a narrow“Semantic Sting”argument,which reveals that the concept of“law”based on semantic analysis can not account for why the theoretical disagreements in legal practices are real rather than illusory,this is a fatal criticism to this method.The basic idea of this criticism is generally used by Dworkin to other normative concepts which are“value laden”.Dworkin believes that the method of interpretation can solve the problem of“Semantic Sting”,so it is a more appropriate research method for normative concepts.Due to the universality of using semantic analysis methods to study normative concepts,Dworkin's proposition will greatly change the state of normative concepts research and have an important impact on moral,political and legal practices.