中国营商环境水平测度、地区差异及驱动因素分析

Level Measurement,Regional Differences and Driving Factors of China’s Business Environment

文章采用定基极差TOPSIS熵权法对2008—2020年中国30个省份的营商环境水平进行测度,通过Dagum基尼系数探究了营商环境地区差异的演变趋势,并基于方差分解法与二次指派程序(QAP)对营商环境不均衡的结构性来源以及驱动因素进行分析。研究发现:中国整体营商环境逐渐优化,但空间不均衡特征明显;营商环境差异具有缩小态势,东-中、东-西地区组间差异是总体基尼系数的主要来源,投资融资、企业市场和公共服务环境差距均是造成营商环境不均衡的主要因素。

This paper uses TOPSIS entropy weight method with fixed base range to measure the level of business environment of 30 provinces in China from 2008 to 2020,then adopts Dagum Gini coefficient to explore the evolution trend of regional disparities in business environment,and finally applies variance decomposition method and quadratic assignment procedure(QAP)to analyze the structural sources and driving factors of business environment imbalance.The results go as below:China’s overall business environment is gradually optimized,but the spatial imbalance is obvious.The differences in business environment have a narrowing trend,and the differences between eastern and central regions,eastern and western regions are the main sources of the overall Gini coefficient.The gap of investment and financing,enterprise market and public service environment are the main factors causing the imbalance of business environment.