针刺疗法的力学基础

The Mechanics Basis of Acupuncture Therapy

针刺疗法的有效性已被大量研究证实,许多国家将其纳入医疗系统.但是,针刺疗法的发展仍存在一些挑战,如针刺过程定量化方法缺乏、针刺技术传承困难、穴位定位精确度不足等.随着近年来多学科交叉的发展,尤其是工程科学与医学的结合,为解决针刺技术中存在的问题提供了新的思路和方法.该文综述了针刺技术中力学核心要素的历史发展,包括力学刺激工具(针具)、针刺过程(刺入及行针阶段)和力学刺激对象(穴位)三个部分.通过对这三个力学要素的剖析,总结了其对针刺过程和治疗效果的定量化研究及影响.同时,梳理了在针刺量化研究中的力学实验及模型,深化了对针刺过程的理解.总结了针刺机器人前沿的研究成果,及其在提升针刺技术传承、推动针灸国际化进程中的作用.最后,展望了针刺力学研究的发展方向.

The effectiveness of acupuncture therapy has been confirmed by numerous studies and incorporated into healthcare systems in many countries.However,the acupuncture therapy still faces some challenges,such as insufficient quantification of the acupuncture process,difficulties in inheriting acupuncture techniques,and inadequate accuracy in acupoint positioning.With the development of interdisciplinary integration in recent years,particularly the integration of engineering and medicine,new perspectives and methods have been pro-posed to address these challenges in acupuncture techniques.The historical development process of the core mechanical elements in acupuncture techniques was reviewed,including the mechanical stimulation tools(nee-dles),the mechanical stimulation stages(insertion and manipulation stages),and the mechanical stimulation targets(acupoints).Through a comprehensive analysis of these 3 mechanical elements,their quantification and impacts on the acupuncture process and therapeutic effects were summarized.Meanwhile,relevant mechanical experiments and models conducted in quantitative acupuncture research were comprehensively recommended,to deepen the understanding of the acupuncture process.Then the cutting-edge research achievements in acu-puncture robots were summed up,aimed to enhance the inheritance of acupuncture techniques and promote its international standardization process.Finally,this article outlines the future research direction of acupuncture mechanics.