基于空气花粉表征的北京地区植物花期物候的区域差异

Regional differences in the flowering phenology of plants in Beijing based on airborne pollen data

空气花粉是不同时空纬度下物候学事件的有力佐证之一。利用北京地区2个研究点(怀柔区、石景山区)的伞蓬式花粉采样器采集2020年3月1日—5月31日期间的空气花粉,从空气花粉的角度研究春季开花植物花期物候的区域特征,并探讨开花始期和花期与气温的关系。研究结果表明:(1)怀柔、石景山2个区域的春季空气花粉类型及含量存在一定的区域差异。怀柔区空气花粉分属18个科属,以柏科花粉最多(65%),其次是杨属、松属、榆属和蔷薇科;石景山区空气花粉分属16个科属,虽仍以柏科花粉为主(41%),但含量低于怀柔区,豆科、榆属和木樨科含量次之。(2)2个区域春季主要开花植物的开花始期和花期也存在差异,表现为春季温度更高的石景山区植物开花始期除杨属(晚2 d)外,均早于怀柔区,平均早约7 d。(3)同一区域不同时期随着气温的升高,春季开花植物开花始期、花期呈现明显的提前趋势。这与前人基于植物物候观测的结果基本一致,说明利用空气花粉监测也能很好地反映植物开花物候的时间和状态,可为植物物候学研究提供多学科和多角度的补充与参考。

Airborne pollen is a strong corroboration of phenological events at different spatial and temporal latitudes.Airborne pollen was collected from March 1 to May 31,2020,using umbrella pollen samplers at two research sites in Beijing(Huairou District,Shijingshan District),with the aim of studying the regional characteristics of flowering phenology of spring-flowering plants from the perspective of airborne pollen,and analyzing the relationship between first flowering time,flowering duration of plants and temperature.The results showed that:(1)There are some regional differences in the airborne pollen types and content between Huairou and Shijingshan districts.The airborne pollen in Huairou District belongs to 18 families and genera,with the highest content being Cupressaceae pollen(65%),followed by Populus,Pinus,Ulmus,Rosaceae.The airborne pollen in Shijingshan District belongs to 16 families and genera,with Cupressaceae pollen dominating(41%)but lower than that in Huairou District,followed by Fabaceae,Ulmus and Oleaceae.(2)There are some differences in the first flowering time and flowering duration of spring flowering plants in two areas.The first flowering times in Shijingshan District,which exhibits higher spring temperatures,are earlier than those in Huairou District,except for Populus(2 days later),ranging from 2 to 16 days earlier,with an average of about 7 days.(3)Airborne pollen monitoring data indicates that the first flowering time of spring flowering plants also shows a clear trend of advancement with increasing temperatures in different periods in the same area.These results are basically consistent with the previous results based on plant phenology observation,which indicates that the monitoring results of airborne pollen can also reflect the time and the state of plant flowering phenology,and can provide a multi-disciplinary supplement and reference for the study of plant flowering phenology.