基于实时数据采集的摆动力学综合实验

Comprehensive experiment of pendulum dynamics based on real-time data acquisition

在单摆实验基础上,利用转动传感器设计了摆运动的综合实验。准确测量摆动过程中摆角、摆动角速度随时间变化状态,研究了小角度摆动情况下摆球的实时运动状态,验证了单摆小角度摆动的简谐运动,并通过数据拟合准确测定本地重力加速度为9.77 m/s^(2),百分误差仅为0.22%;同时,研究了大角度摆动时摆球的欠阻尼运动,并测定了摆动过程的空气阻尼系数为0.00224 s^(-1)。该方案通过瞬时量的测量实现了多个动力学知识点的探究,能够有效促进学生对相关知识的理解,激发学生探究运动过程中物理量变化规律的热情。

Based on the simple pendulum experiment,a comprehensive experiment of pendulum movement was designed with rotation sensor.With the measurements of time dependent swing angle and angular velocity,real time movement of small angle swing was studied for the verification of simple harmonic movement,the local gravitational acceleration was obtained as 9.77 m/s^(2)with little percentage error of 0.22%.Meanwhile,underdamped movement of big angle swing was also studied,the air damping coefficient was obtained as 0.00224 s^(-1).With the measurement of instancy-quantity,some knowledge points of dynamics were investigated by experiment scheme presented in this paper,which promote the further understanding of theoretical knowledge for students and stimulate the research enthusiasm of variation law for physical quantities of moving objects.