后疫情时代美英和欧盟生物安全领域重大政策和举措概述

Overview of Major Biosafety Policies and Initiatives in the US,UK and EU in the Post-COVID World

新冠大流行给全球带来了很大冲击,后疫情时代,加强生物安全能力建设成为世界各国高度重视的议题。本文梳理了美国、英国以及欧盟在新冠疫情影响下密集出台的一系列举措,涉及战略行动、机构改革、能力建设等方面。总的来说,美国、英国以及欧盟纷纷加大生物安全战略投资,寻求技术变革以保持对生物威胁的态势感知,以及加强检测、疫苗、疗法等医疗防御能力。值得注意的是,美国、英国以及欧盟均新设立大流行协调应对永久性机构。此外,在应对抗微生物药物耐药性方面,美国、英国以及欧盟除了加大研发投入,还试图通过创新的市场激励措施来应对研发管线不足带来的严峻风险。美国、英国以及欧盟的这些政策和举措对于我国具有一定的启示和借鉴意义,我们需要制定更加全面的生物安全战略并积极投资,才能未雨绸缪、防范风险。

The COVID-19 pandemic brought shock waves through the world.Strengthening biosafety capabilities has become a highly important issue for all countries in the post-pandemic era.The article summarized a series of initiatives that the United States(US),the United Kingdom(UK)and the European Union(EU)have launched intensively during the pandemic,involving strategic actions,institutional reforms,capacity building,etc.In general,the US,UK and EU have increased strategic investment in biosafety,seeking technological changes to maintain situational awareness of biological threats,and strengthen medical defense capabilities,such as diagnostics,vaccines and therapeutics.Notably,the US,UK,and EU have established permanent pandemic coordination and response agencies.In addition,the US,UK and the EU have been trying to release innovative incentives for the markets to deal with the serious risks caused by insufficient R&D pipelines against antimicrobial resistance,beyond increasing the R&D investments.These policies and initiatives of the US,UK and EU are instructive for China,and we need to establish a more comprehensive biosafety strategy with active investment to be prepared for future risks.