东盟数据跨境流动制度研究:进程演进与规则构建

Research on ASEAN’s Cross Border Data Flows System:Process Evolution and Rule Construction

随着5G、人工智能、区块链、大数据等数字技术的发展,东盟开始关注区域内数字经济的发展所带来的影响,其中数据跨境流动的安全日益引发东盟及各成员国的关注。本文通过文献调研等定性研究方法,归纳总结东盟及其主要成员国数据跨境流动规则的构建及建设进程,从而分析东盟数据跨境流动规则存在的问题及其对中国与东盟开展数据跨境流动合作形成的挑战。研究发现,东盟在数据跨境流动领域形成宏观到微观的三层规则体系,主要成员国如新加坡适用多元规则强化与国际对接,而马来西亚将允许数据跨境流动纳入“例外情形”;东盟区域内规则适用较为混乱,内部协调难度大等问题将增加中国企业在东盟开展数据跨境流动的合规成本与潜在风险。最后,本文提出细化中国-东盟数据跨境流动操作路径、强化中国-东盟数据安全规则的互认以及探索中国-东盟数据跨境流动新方式等相关建议。

With the development of 5G,artificial intelligence,blockchain,big data and other digital technologies,ASEAN has begun to pay attention to the impact of the development of the digital economy in the region,in which the security of cross-border data flow has increasingly attracted the attention of ASEAN and its member countries.This article uses qualitative research methods such as literature review to summarize the construction process and rules of cross-border data flows in ASEAN and its major member countries,in order to analyze the problems in ASEAN’s cross-border data flows rules and the challenges they pose to China-ASEAN’s cross-border data flows cooperation.The study found that ASEAN has formed a three-layer rules system from macro to micro in the field of cross-border data flows.Major member countries such as Singapore apply diverse rules to strengthen international integration,while Malaysia will allow cross-border data flows to be included in the“exceptional situation”.At the same time,it is believed that the application of rules within the ASEAN region is relatively chaotic,and the difficulty of internal coordination will increase the compliance costs and potential risks of Chinese enterprises conducting cross-border data flows in ASEAN.Therefore,relevant suggestions are proposed to refine the operational path of China-ASEAN data cross-border flows,strengthen mutual recognition of China-ASEAN data security rules,and explore new ways of China-ASEAN data cross-border flows.