中国国际科技合作政策动态量化评价——基于政策建模一致性指数模型

Dynamic Quantitative Evaluation of China’s International Science and Technology Cooperation Policies Based on PMC Index Model

新发展格局下国际科技合作环境发生巨大变化,对以往国际科技合作政策进行评价反思能为“双循环”下国际科技合作政策完善提供重要支撑依据。本文以1978—2022年国家层面出台的199项国际科技合作政策为研究对象,利用Python技术进行文本挖掘来捕捉政策文本特点,结合现有文献关于政策评价指标的设定,构建国际科技合作政策的PMC指数模型,从国际科技合作事业的不同发展阶段中动态选取18项样本政策进行量化评价。结果显示:这18项国际科技合作政策中,有完美级3项、优上级6项、优下级9项,无可接受级及不良等级,但微观分析指标得分发现仍存在发布机构失衡、政策性质不足、政策视角单一、政策重点模糊、忽视民间客体及政策工具使用不充分等问题;国际科技合作事业不同发展阶段的政策质量得分从高到低依次为:创新发展阶段、稳步恢复阶段、快速推进阶段、全面提升阶段,主要差异源于不同时期对于政策类型、政策性质、政策视角和政策功能的需求不同。

The international scientific and technological cooperation environment has undergone tremendous changes under the new development pattern.Evaluation and reflection on past international scientific and technological cooperation policies can provide important support for improving international scientific and technological cooperation policies under the“dual cycle”.This article takes 199 international science and technology cooperation policies issued at the national level from 1978 to 2022 as the research object,uses Python technology to conduct text mining and co-occurrence analysis to capture the characteristics of policy texts,and combines the setting of policy evaluation indicators in existing literature to construct an international science and technology cooperation policy.PMC index model of cooperation policies,and dynamically select 18 sample policies from different development stages of international scientific and technological cooperation for quantitative evaluation.The results show that among the 18 international science and technology cooperation policies,3 are perfect,6 are excellent,9 are excellent,and there are no acceptable or bad policies.However,the microanalysis index scores found that there is still an imbalance in the issuing agency and an insufficient policy nature,problems such as single policy perspective,vague policy focus,neglect of private objects and insufficient use of policy tools;the policy quality scores of the different development stages of international scientific and technological cooperation are from high to low:innovative development stage>steady recovery stage>rapid advancement stage>In the comprehensive improvement stage,the main differences stem from the different needs for policy types,policy nature,policy perspectives and policy priorities in different periods.