电磁超材料的发展与应用

Development and Applications of Metamaterials

电磁超材料也被称为新型人工电磁材料,是亚波长尺度单元按周期或非周期排列构成的人工结构,具有传统材料不存在或传统技术难以实现的超常规媒质参数,可对电磁波进行精细调控。超材料是材料、结构、功能的复合体,超越了传统材料的概念和范畴,并已遍布与“波”相关的领域,包括电磁、声学、力学、热学和量子等。近二十年来,电磁超材料一直是物理和信息领域的国际前沿研究热点,由此衍生的相关技术也在通信、雷达和成像等多个领域产生了具有颠覆性效应的一系列应用。

Electromagnetic metamaterials are artificial structures composed of periodically or aperiodically arranged sub-wavelength units.They have extraordinary media parameters that do not exist in traditional materials or are difficult to achieve with traditional technology,and can control electromagnetic waves in sub-wavelength scale.Metamaterials are closely related with materials,structures,and functions and hence go far beyond the concept and scope of traditional materials.They have been investigated throughout the fields related to“waves”,including electromagnetic,acoustics,mechanics,heat,quantum,etc.In the past two decades,electromagnetic metamaterials have been an international frontier research hotspot in the field of physics and information,and the related technologies derived from them have also produced a series of applications with significant effects in many fields,such as wireless communication,radar,imaging and so on.